Excretory System (5/14)

Question 1

Key structures of the excretory system

Answer 1

Kidneys
Ureters
Urethra
Urinary bladder

Question 2

Renal artery

Answer 2

supply each kidney with blood

Question 3

Renal veins

Answer 3

where blood drains from kidneys

Question 4

Renal capsule

Answer 4

protects kidney

Question 5

Inside kidney

Answer 5

renal cortex and renal medulla

Question 6

Nephron

Answer 6

function unit of the kidney

Question 7

Renal corpuscle

Answer 7

where blood is initially filtered into the nephron

Question 8

Renal tubule

Answer 8

filtrate travels to collecting duct through the tubule

Question 9

Ureter

Answer 9

carry urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 10

Urethra

Answer 10

carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body

Question 11

In females, urine…

Answer 11

exits the body through the urethral orifice which is anterior to the vaginal orifice

Question 12

In males, urine…

Answer 12

exits through the penis

Question 13

Muscles involved with releasing urine

Answer 13

Internal (smooth-autonomic) and external urethral sphincter (skeletal- somatic)

Question 14

Renal corpuscle

Answer 14

composed of the glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 15

Afferent arteriole

Answer 15

carries blood towards the glomerulus

Question 16

Efferent arteriole

Answer 16

carries blood away from the glomerulus

Question 17

Filtration

Answer 17

blood going through glomerulus causes water to be pushed into bowman’s capsule (this is the filtrate)- only small substances like water, salts, salt, ions

Question 18

Renal tubule

Answer 18

adjusts volume of filtrate
reabsorbs valuable nutrients and expels wastes
contains proximal (reabsorption) and distal tubule and loop of henle (descending and ascending limb)
GLUCOSE is reabsorbed in large quantities

Question 19

Loop of henle

Answer 19

allows for retention of large amount of water and solutes (mostly Na) medulla is more rich/increase in concentration
descending limb- permeable to water but not ions and this is how medulla gets very concentrated and vasa recta picks up ions to go back to blood
ascending limb- impermeable to water but is to ions (thin ascending- passive transport- bottom portion) (thick does active transport)

Question 20

DCT and collecting duct

Answer 20

acted on by aldosterone and ADH (vasopressin)

Question 21

in DCT

Answer 21

Na, Cl are reabsorbed while K ions are secreted

aldosterone increases Na reabsorption

Question 22

Collecting duct

Answer 22

direct water reabsorption

Question 23

Homeostasis of excretory system

Answer 23

blood pressure, osmoregulation, acid-base balance, nitrogenous waste

Question 24

Blood pressure and osmoregulation

Answer 24

dehydrated- blood volume and pressure are low

hydrated- both high

Question 25

Blood pressure and osmoregulation regulation by hormones

Answer 25

Aldosterone- increase Na reabsorption to increase volume and pressure
angiotensin II- increase pressure
Antidiuretic (ADH)- increases volume and pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide- decreases volume and pressure

Question 26

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer 26

Renin comes in and acts on angiotensinogen to cleave and produce angiotensin I. ACE convert I to II and this triggers release of aldosterone

Question 27

ADH/vasopressin

Answer 27

promotes water retension and vasoconstriction. reduce osmolarity

Question 28

ANP

Answer 28

comes from atria of heart

decrease pressure and promotes sodium retention in the urine