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Bio/Biochem > Genetic inheritance > Flashcards

Genetic inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

Phenotype

A

An organisms outside appearance

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2
Q

Gene

A

A DNA sequence that codes for a protein that produces a given trait

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3
Q

Heterozygotes

A

Carrier

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4
Q

Hemizygous

A

X

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5
Q

Wild-type

A

default genotype pr phenotype

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6
Q

Mutant

A

Mutated alleles

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7
Q

Loss of function mutations

A

recessive. Needs to affect both alleles

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8
Q

Gain of function mutations

A

Dominant

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9
Q

Pea plant Punett squares results

A

parents: RR x rr
F1: all Rr
F2: RR, Rr, rr
(1:2:1 genotype) (3:1 phenotype)

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10
Q

Test cross

A

A dominant phenotype of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygus recessive organism.

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11
Q

Backcrossing

A

When a hybrid is crossed back with its parents. Goal: obtain more offspring similar to parent

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12
Q

Dihybrid cross

A

Looking at two different phenotypes

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13
Q

What is the phenotypic ration when crossing heterozygotes in a dihybrid cross?

A

9:3:3:1

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14
Q

Complete dominance

A

One dominant allele masks expression of other

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15
Q

Codominance

A

Dominant alleles are both expressed

EX) AB bloodtype

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16
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

When the F1 generation shows a blended phenotype. Intermediate of both parents

17
Q

Penetrance

A

Percent of individuals with a given genotype who display the associate phenotype

18
Q

Expressivity

A

Severity of phenotype

19
Q

Autosomal

A

Non-sex inherited. Affect F and M equally

20
Q

Sex-linked

A

sex linked inherited mutation

21
Q

Law of segregation

A

allele pairs segregate randomly from each other into gametes

22
Q

law of independent assortment

A

Alleles from separate traits are independently inherited

23
Q

Law of dominance

A

Recessive alleles will be masked to some degree

24
Q

Chiasmata

A

Crossing over points

Bio/Biochem (26 decks)

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