Endocrine System Flashcards
What type of tissues would you expect to find in the endocrine system?
Simple columnar ET and simple cuboidal ET
How do hormones travel around the body?
They travel through bloodstream and attach to hormone receptors
Which system has the option for long duration of effects and broad distribution?
The endocrine
Hypothalamus
-In the diencephalon region of the brain
-Little beak hanging off the thalamus
-releases hormone-releasing hormones such as TRH, CRH, Dopamine, GRH, GnRH, Somatostatin
Anterior Pituitary Gland
- Inferior aspect of the hypothalamus
- Front ball
-Follicle-stimulating hormone
-Lutenizing Hormone (stimulates production of sex hormones & triggers ovulation)
-TSH (stimulates thyroid hormone release
-ACTH (causes secretions from adrenal cortex)
-Growth Hormone
-Prolactin (promotes milk production)
Posterior Pituitary Gland
-Inferior aspect of the hypothalamus
-Rear ball
-Antidiuretic Hormone (stimulates water re-absorbtion in kidneys)
-Oxytocin (stimulates uterine contractions during labor and increases bonding and sexual response)
Pineal Gland
-Diencephalon, posterior to hyopthalamus
-pine cone shaped
-releases melatonin for sleep regulation
Thyroid Gland
-Anterior aspect of cervical region
-Big ol sac wrapping around the neck
-releases calcitonin (lowers blood calcium levels and sends them to bones)
-Thyroid Hormone (T3/T4) - increases basal metabolic rate and heat production is the reason we need iodine
Parathyroid Gland
-Posterior aspect of the thyroid
-Little bodes on the thyroid itself
-Releases parathyroid hormone (increases blood calcium levels by drawing it from bone)
Pancreas
-posterior to stomach
-Looks like a dick
-Pancreatic islets = specialized clusters of cells that have endocrine functions
-glucagon increases blood glucose (alpha cells)
-Insulin decreases blood glucose (secreted by beta cells)
Adrenal Cortex
-superior to the kidneys, superficial aspect of the adrenal gland
-little fat hat on top of the kidneys
-aldosterone, cortisol, androgens to supplement sex hormones in the gonads
Adrenal medula
-Deep aspect of the adrenal gland
-inside the fat hat on top of the kidneys
-Epinephrine (promotes fight or flight response to acute stress), Norepinephrine (ditto)
Ovaries
-Intrabdominal, superior to uterus
-Little ball on a stick (had a twin)
-estrogen (regulates menstrual cycle and develops sex characteristics) progesterone (prepares body for and helps maintain pregnancy)
Testes
-Inguen/Pubic region in males
-They’re balls, bro
-Testosterone (stimulates secondary sex characteristics), sperm production
