The Heart

Question 1

Where does the heart live?

Answer 1

mediastinum - space between the lungs, apex points toward left hip

Question 2

Right Atrium

Answer 2

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs (contains pectinate muscles)

Question 3

Left Atrium

Answer 3

Receives oxygenated blood from lungs

Question 4

Intra-atrial Septum

Answer 4

Separates the atria

Question 5

Right Ventricle

Answer 5

Pumps deoxygenates blood to the lungs

Question 6

Left Ventricle

Answer 6

Pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Question 7

Intraventricular Septum

Answer 7

Wal of tissue separating ventricles

Question 8

Trabeculae Carneae

Answer 8

Ridges of muscle inside the ventricles

Question 9

Tricuspid valve

Answer 9

Between RIGHT atrium and ventricle

Question 10

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Answer 10

Between LEFT atrium and ventricle

Question 11

Chordae Tendinae

Answer 11

Fibrous bands of CT that connect valves to papillary muscles (the heartstrings)

Question 12

Papillary Muscles

Answer 12

Prevent valves from inverting during ventricular contractions

Question 13

Pulmonary Valve

Answer 13

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Question 14

Aortic Valve

Answer 14

Between left ventricle and aorta

Question 15

Systole/Distole

Answer 15

Systole is the phase when ventricles contract; distole is the phase when they relax

Question 16

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 16

Returns blood from above heart to right atrium

Question 17

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 17

Returns blood from below heart to right atrium

Question 18

Pulmonary Trunk

Answer 18

Receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle

Question 19

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 19

Carry deoxygenated blood from the pulmonary trunk to the lungs

Question 20

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 20

Carry oxygenated blood back from the lungs

Question 21

The Aorta

Answer 21

Receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and carries it to the rest of the body

Question 22

What is the cycle of blood flow starting with deoxygenated blood returning to the bidy

Answer 22

1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
   Receive blood and send it to the
2. right atrium
   Which pumps blood through the
3. tricuspid valve
   And into the
4. right ventricle
   Which passes the
5. pulmonary valve
   Into the
6. pulmonary trunk
   Which sends blood out the
7. pulmonary arteries
   And into the
8. Lungs
   Where it returns, oxygenated via the
9. Pulmonary Veins
   Which deposit in the
10. Left atrium
    Which pumps past the
11. **bicuspid valve*
    Into the
    12 Left Ventricle
    Which sends it to the rest of the body via the
    13 Aorta

Question 23

List the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep

Answer 23

Pericardium is a tough, two-layered membrane that surrounds the heart
Fibrous pericardium is the tough outer layer of dense CT that protects it
Serous perocardium is the delicate inner layer that covers the heart’s surface
pericardial cavity is the space between the layers that is filled with lubricating serous fluid

Question 24

What is the function if the pericardium?

Answer 24

Anchor is the heart to the superior portion of the diaphragm and protect the heart as it moves in the thoracic cavity

Question 25

What are the layers of the heart from superficial to deep?

Answer 25

**epicardium** - outermost layer, connects to visceral pericardium **myocardium** - thick middle layer of cardiac muscle cells filled with blood vessels and nervous fibers **endocardium** - innermost layer of the heart that lines the heart chambers and valves, that is exposed to blood

Question 26

Conducting Cells

Answer 26

Myocardial cells that initiate and propagate action potentials

Question 27

What type of intercellular junction allows for the passage of ions and allows heart muscle cells to contract synchronously?

Answer 27

Intercalated discs

Question 28

What is the cardiac skeleton?

Answer 28

A dense CT structure inside the heart that -anchors and forma heart valves -provides structure and support for the heart -Isolates atria from ventricles

Question 29

List the conductive system of the heart in order

Answer 29

**Sinoatrial (SA) Node** - superior right atrium, *pacemaker* for the heart, establishes *sinus rhythm*, intrinsic rate of 100 bpm **Atrioventricular (AV) Node** - inter-atrial septum, delays impulse from SA node, sets *junctional rhythm* **Atrioventricular Bundle** carries signal to interventricular septum **right and left bundle branches ** - carry signal to apex of the heart **purkinje fibers** spread signal from apex to contractile cells in ventricles

Question 30

What is an EKG/ECG

Answer 30

Electrocradiogram, a recording of the electrical activity of the heart