Digestive System:Urinary System Flashcards
What are the UPPER parts of the GI Tract and what are their functions?
Mouth - Ingestion, Digestion (Mastication), Propulsion
Pharynx - Propulsion
Esophagus - Propulsion
above - Stratified squamous et, below simple columnar
Stomach - Propulsion, Digestion (Churning)
Duodenum - Digestion (Segmentation)
What are the LOWER parts of the GI tract?
Jejunum, Ileum - Propulsion, Digestion, Absorbtion
Colon (Large Intestine) - Propulsion, Absorbtion
Rectum - Propulsion, Absorption
–above simple columnar et, below stratified squamous et
Anal Canal - Defecation
What are accessory digestive organs?
Organs that aid with the breakdown of food but food does not travel through it:
Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
What are the layers of the GI tract?
- Mucosa (epithelial tissue)
- Submucosa (connective tissue)
- Muscularis Externa (Skeletal or Smooth Muscle)
- Serosa (Peritineum and CT)
What are the two plexi of the GI tract?
Myneteric Plexus - controls movement of food through the GI Tract
Submuscosal Plexus - Controls bloodflow through digestive secretions
What are the parts of the stomach?
- Cardia - top part, nearest heart
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
contains rugae to expand
What structures help aid in digestion in the small intestine?
Intestinal Villi - Finger-like projections in the mucosa. Capillary beds absorb digested proteins and sugars into the bloodstream.
Laceteal is lymphatic cappilary that absorbs figested proteins
What is the purpose of the taenia coli?
Contracts on the large intenstine to form small pouch-like haustra
What is the Peritoneum?
- A broad serous membrane rhat holds abdominal organs - parietal is superficial, visceral is deep
3 Folds
1. Greater Omentum - adds protection and insulates
2. Lesser Omentum - connects lesser curvature of stomach to inferior border of liver
3. Falcoform Ligament - anchors to anterior abdominal wall
Posterior Soife
-Mesentery - anchors small intestine to posterior abdominal wall
-Mesocolom - anchors large intestine to posterior abdominal wall
What are the parts of the hepatic lobule in the liver, responsible for detoxification?
The Portal Triad:
-Hepatic Artery Proper - brings in oxygen rich, nutrient poor blood
-Hepatic Vein Proper - brings in oxygen poor, nutrient rich blood
-Bile Duct - collects bile
Hepatic Sinusoids are capillaries with large holes for passing large materials
What is the pancreas?
Accessory digestive organ that secretes pancreatic juice full of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate
Organize the Digestive System by Quadrant
Right Upper - Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, duodenum
Left Upper - Stomach, Pancreas, Left lobe of liver
Right Lower - Duodenum, ascending colon, right colic flexure, Ileum, Ileocecal valve, appendix
Left Lower - Jejunum, Descending colon, sigmoid colon, left colic flexure
What are the parts of the urinary system in order?
Glomerulus
Capsular Space
Proximal Convoluted Tube
Descending Limb of Nephron Loop
Ascending Limb of Nephron Loop
Distal Convoluted Tube
Collecting Duct
—-(end of collecting opportunities, filtrat
Papillary Duct
Minor Calyx
Major Calyx
Renal Pelvis
Ureter
Bladder (contains rugae)
Urethra (has internal/external sphnicters)
What kind of tissue is in the urinary tract?
Transitional Epitheleal Tissue
What is collected but the collectors of the urinary system?
Proximal Convoluted tube - Glucose
Descending Limb - Water
Ascending Limb - Ions (via active transport)
Distal Convoluted Tubeule - nothing but hormones secreted here
Collecting Duct - More water
