Joints Flashcards
What is the relationship between mobility and stability?
Inverse. The more mobile the less stable
Fibrous Joints
Most stable, least mobile
Ex.
-Sutures
-Gomphosis (joint between teeth and mandible)
-Syndesmosis (connects parallel bones with sheets if fibrous CT)
Cartilaginous Joints
Joints joined by cartilage
Ex.
-Synchrondodis, a joint where bones are joined by hylaine cartilage, like the epiphyseal plate
-Symphysis, Fibrocartilage joints (like between vertebrae)
What are the three kinds of joints from least to most mobile?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are the 6 types if Synovial joints?
- Ball-and-Socket (hips, shoulder)
- Condyloid (shallow depression, fits into a rounded structure. Phalanges, metacarpals)
- Saddle Joints (joint of thumb, metacarpals)
- Plane Joints (two flattened surfaces, joints between carpals)
- Pivot joints (rounded structure that rotates within a ring like C1, C2 vertebra)
- Hinge Joint (convex surface that fits within a depression)
What are the parts of a synovial joint?
-
Articular capsule
-Articular cartilage
-Synovial Membrane
-Synovial Fluid
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
Ligaments connect bones to one another, tendons connect muscle to bones
What is the difference between tendon sheathes and bursae?
A bursa is a fluid-filled CT sac that reduces friction outside of a joint space, a tendon sheath is a fluid-filled CT sac that surrounds a tendon
What are the anterior/posterior movements?
flexion is movement that decreases the angle of a joint (usually forward)
extension is movement that increases the angle of a joint (usually backward)
What are the medial/lateral movements?
a-b-duction is away from the midline
adduction is toward the midline
What movement is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction?
Circumduction
Describe the different kinds of rotation
Left, right, medial (internal, anterior aspect of a limb toward the midline of the body), and lateral (external aspect of a limb away from the body)
What is the head and trunk specific movements?
Lateral flexion (triangle pose, ear to shoulder)
What movements are mandible specific?
elevation - moving upward, depression - moving downward
protraction - moving forward
retraction - moving backward
What are the forearm and thumb specific movements?
pronation - moving pam backwards
supenation - moving pam forwards
opposition - moving thumb toward fingertip
reposition - moving thumb back toward anatomical position
