The Brain Flashcards by Tea Wade

What is Cerebral Spinal Fluid?

A clear, colorless liquid around the brain and spinal cord that
-cushions the CNS from physical trauma
-delivers nutrients and removes waste

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Where is CSF made?

The choroid plexus (in the 3rd and 4th ventricles)

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What is CSF made of?

Plasma filtered through ependymal cells

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How does CSF return to the bloodstream?

Arachnoid villi extending into the dural sinuses

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What are ventricles?

Chambers that allow spinal fluid to flow throughout the brain

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What is the thin channel that connects the third and fourth ventricles?

The cerebral aqeduct

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What are the regions of the brain?

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brainstem

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What is the cerebrum dedicated to?

“Higher brain functions” (sense of self, intelligence, etc), movement, sensation

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What is the diencephalon for

Maintaining homeostasis and relaying signals; connects nervous and endocrine system

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What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Motor learning and motor control

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What is the brain stem responsible for?

Vital body functions: Heart rate, body temp, respiratory rate

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What is the “lizard brain”?

Cerebellum and brain stem, simple functions for staying alive (fight or flight)

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What is the “mammal brain” and why do we have it?

The limbic system - memories, habits, and attachments.

Developed for complex social groups and caring for young

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What is the Neo-Cortex?

The “human brain” - language, abstract thought, imagination, consciousness, reasoning

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What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?

A gyrus is a peak and a sulcus is a valley

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What are the lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Insula

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What does the frontal lobe control?

Memory, Motor Control, Consciousness

What does the parietal lobe control??

General sense and spacial orientation

What does the occipital lobe control?

Vision

What does the temporal lobe control?

Sound, Memory, and Language

What does the insula control?

Cognition, Self-Awareness, Perception

What are the brain landmarks of separation?

Longitudinal Fissure - right and left hemispheres

Central Sulcus - frontal and parietal lobes

Lateral Sulcus - Frontal, Parietal, and Temporal Lobes

What are the major motor areas of the cerebral cortex?

Alcon the frontal lobe:
Premotor Cortex - The Planner
Supplementary Motor Cortex - The Coordinator
Primary Motor Cortex - The Initiator

What are the major sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Parietal) - receives info on general senses
Primary Visual Cortex (Occipital) - receives basic visual info from the eye
Primary Auditory Cortex (Temporal) - receives sound info from the ear
Primary Gustatory Cortex (superiormost in Insula) - receives taste info from tongue
Primary Olfactort Cortex (inferiormost in Insula) - receives info from nose about smell

What part of the lobe receives signals and where are integrations made?

Received at furthest-most, integrates at borders

What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?

Located in frontal lonbe - Planning, personality and social behavior

What is Broca’s area?

Part of the frontal lobe responsible for language production. In **Broca’s aphasia** one can understand language but can’t communicate

What is Wernicke’s area?

In the temporal lobe - language comprehension In Wernicke’s aphasia one can speak but can’t comprehend language

What are the three components of the Limbic System?

Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate Gyrus

Amygdala

Fear and emotional reactions to stimuli

Hippocampus

Creating and storing new memories

Cingulate gyrus

Links behavior to emotions and memory

What are the four major white matter regions of the cerebral cortex?

1 **association fibers** - connect regions within hemispheres 2 **commisural fibers** - connect left and right hemispheres 3 **Projection fibera** connect up and down 4 **corpus callosum** large fiber bundle connecting left and right hemispheres (visible on model)

What are the three regions of the Diencephalon?

Thalmamus, Epithalamus, Hypothalamus

Thalmamus

Largest region of diencephalon, connects brainstem and cerebrum -consciousness -arousal -relay between sensory and motor neurons

Epithalamus

Posterior region of diencephalon, controls the pineal gland -sleep and reward processing

Hypothalamus

Inferior region of the diencephalon that controls *homeostasis* -Controls the **endocrine system** -produces **hormones** -regulates **autonomic nervous system** -regulates **temperature** -controls **food and water** intake -Regulates **sleep and circadian rhythms** -Links **emotions and memories** to **body state**

What are the parts of the cerebellum?

**Folia**, the ridges of grey matter **Arbor Vitae**, the branches of white matter

Does the cerebellum have more grey matter or white matter?

Grey, it is pricessing more information than it is sending signals

What are the regions of the brainstem from inferior to superior?

1. **Medula Oblongata** - connects directly to spinal cord -Breathing, heartrate, blood pressure, and involuntary muscle reflexes (swallowing, sneezing, coughing, vomiting) 2. **Pons** - middle bit, connects to cerebellum -respiration and bladder control 3. **Midbrain** - superiormost, connects to diencephalon -motor control, sensory cranial nerves that respond to visual and auditory stimuli