Endocrine System

Question 1

Endocrine Gland

Answer 1

ductless gland

secretion released directly into bloodstream

Question 2

Exocrine Gland

Answer 2

secretion drained by ducts onto body surface or into body cavity

Question 3

Hormones

Answer 3

substances made in one part of the body and transported to another to affect chem action or secretion of other hormones

Question 4

Target Cells

Answer 4

cell a hormone affects

have receptors for specific types of hormones

Question 5

Circulating Hormones

Answer 5

enter bloodstream to go to cells far away

can result in hormone buildup in ppl w/ kidney or liver failure

Question 6

Local Hormones

Answer 6

do not enter bloodstream

Question 7

Paracrine

Answer 7

local hormone acting on neighboring cells

Question 8

Autocrine

Answer 8

local hormone acting on same cell that secreted it

Question 9

Permissive Effect

Answer 9

effect of one hormone on a cell requires another hormone to enhance target cell response or increase activity of the hormone

Question 10

Synergistic Effect

Answer 10

sum effects of 2 hormones is greater than the effect of each hormone apart

Question 11

Antagonistic Effect

Answer 11

one hormone is opposed by another

Question 12

Humoral Stimuli

Answer 12

changing levels of ions and nutrients in bloodstream causes hormone secretion

Question 13

Hormonal Stimuli

Answer 13

release of other hormones causes hormone secretion

Question 14

Neural Stimuli

Answer 14

signals from nervous system causes hormone secretion

Question 15

Pituitary Gland

Answer 15

master endocrine gland

secretes 7 hormones

Question 16

Hypothalamus

Answer 16

link bringing together nervous and endocrine systems

makes oxytocin, antidiuretic hormone, regulatory hormones

Question 17

Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus Regulation

Answer 17

growth, development, metabolism, homeostasis

Question 18

Infundibulum

Answer 18

stalk of pituitary gland that attaches to hypothalamus

Question 19

Anterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland

Answer 19

stimulated by releasing hormones

suppressed by inhibiting hormones

Question 20

Somatotrophs

Answer 20

in anterior lobe

make hGH for body growth and metabolism

Question 21

Thyrotrophs

Answer 21

in anterior lobe

makes Thyroid SH for control of thyroid gland

Question 22

Gonadotrophs

Answer 22

in anterior lobe
makes Follicle SH and Luteinizing H for secretion of estrogen and progesterone; maturation of oocytes; secretion of testosterone; making sperm

Question 23

Lactotrophs

Answer 23

make Prolactin for milk production

Question 24

Corticotrophs

Answer 24

make Adrenocorticotropic H
for stim of adrenal glands to make glucocorticoids
make Melanocyte SH for skin pigmentation

Question 25

Posterior Lobe of Pituitary Gland

Answer 25

stores and releases Oxytocin and ADH

Question 26

Oxytocin

Answer 26

stimulates contraction of uterus and release of milk | made by hypothalamus

Question 27

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 27

decreases water loss by kidneys and stimulates arteriole constriction made by hypothalamus

Question 28

Thyroid Gland

Answer 28

contains thyroid follicles | stores its own products

Question 29

Follicular Cells

Answer 29

makes T3 and T4

Question 30

Parafollicular Cells | C Cells

Answer 30

make Calcitonin

Question 31

T3 and T4

Answer 31

increase basal metabolic rate- body temp

Question 32

Parathyroid Gland

Answer 32

have Chief Cells that make Parathyroid hormone

Question 33

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 33

raises calcium levels in blood

Question 34

Adrenal Gland

Answer 34

consists of capsule, cortex, and medulla

Question 35

Zona Glomerulosa

Answer 35

control water and electrolyte balance

Question 36

Zona Fasciculata

Answer 36

``` increase fat and protein breakdown makes glucose stress resistance anti-inflammatory hormone depress immune response ```

Question 37

Zona Reticularis

Answer 37

make male sex hormone | no effect

Question 38

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 38

has chromaffin cells for epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 39

Pineal Gland

Answer 39

has pinealocytes that make melatonin

Question 40

Melatonin

Answer 40

antioxidant protecting CNS | maintains circadian rhythms

Question 41

Pancreas

Answer 41

Exocrine- digestive enzymes | Endocrine- hormones to raise and lower blood glucose lvls

Question 42

Acini

Answer 42

exocrine cells of the pancreas that make digestive enzymes

Question 43

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 43

Endocrine cells of Pancreas | A, B, D, F cells

Question 44

Alpha Cells

Answer 44

make glucagon for raising blood glucose levels

Question 45

Beta Cells

Answer 45

make insulin to lower blood glucose levels

Question 46

Delta Cells

Answer 46

inhibits growth hormone

Question 47

F Cells

Answer 47

inhibits gall bladder contraction

Question 48

Ovaries

Answer 48

make ovum; estrogen and progesterone

Question 49

Estrogen

Answer 49

regulates development and maintenance of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Question 50

Progesterone

Answer 50

prepares uterus for pregnancy

Question 51

Testosterone

Answer 51

development and function of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics