Organs Summary

Question 1

Liver

Answer 1

Makes bile
Detoxes harmful substances
Phagocytizes bacteria and used RBCs and WBCs
Stores glucose, vitamins, iron
makes proteins and aa

Question 2

Gallbladder

Answer 2

stores bile

attached to liver right lobe

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

Pierces diaphragm at esophageal hiatus

Meets stomach at cardiac orifice

Question 4

Layers of GI Tract (Deep to Superficial)

Answer 4

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa, Serosa

Question 5

Parts of Mucosa (Deep to Superficial)

Answer 5

Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis mucosae

Question 6

Epithelium

Answer 6

Protection or secretion and absorption

Question 7

Lamina propria

Answer 7

provides epithelium with blood and lymph supply

contains MALT

Question 8

MALT

Answer 8

nodules of lymphatic tissue

protect GI Tract from bacteria and pathogens

Question 9

Muscularis Mucosae

Answer 9

smooth muscle for local expansion

Question 10

Submucosa

Answer 10

contains Submucosal nerve plexus (Meissner’s plexus)

Question 11

Submucosal Nerve Plexus

Meissner’s Plexus

Answer 11

part of ANS that innervates mucosa and submucosa

Question 12

Muscularis Externa

Answer 12

SM for peristalsis

contains major nerve supply of GI

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

stores, mixes, breaks down food

cardiac and pyloric sphincters

Question 14

Duodenum

Answer 14

pyloric sphincter to duodenojejunal junction

Question 15

Jejunum and Ileum

Answer 15

Duodenojejunal junction to ileocecal junction

Question 16

Small Intestine Function

Answer 16

Mechanical- bile splits fat into smaller globules
Chemical- complete digestion of carbs, proteins, fats, nucleic acids
Absorption- 90%

Question 17

Cecum

Answer 17

beginning of LI, below ileocecal junction

Question 18

Appendix

Answer 18

lined with lymphatic nodules that serve immune functions

Question 19

Ascending Colon

Answer 19

Ileocecal junction to right hepatic (colic) flexure

Question 20

Transverse Colon

Answer 20

right colic (hepatic) flexure to left colic (splenic) flexure

Question 21

Descending Colon

Answer 21

Splenic flexure to left iliac fossa

Question 22

Large Intestine Function

Answer 22

Mechanical- contractions
Chemical- result of bacteria
Absorption- Vit K, B, electrolytes, water
Defecation

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

Exocrine- makes digestive enzymes

Endocrine- makes hormones that raise and lower blood glucose levels

Question 24

Spleen

Answer 24

largest mass of lymphatic tissue
makes antibodies
phagocytosis of bacteria and old RBC and platelets
platelet reservoir

Question 25

Kidneys

Answer 25

``` retroperitoneal (b/t peritoneum and abdomen wall) makes hormones absorbs minerals filters blood makes urine ```

Question 26

Adrenal Glands

Answer 26

Sits on top of kidneys | cortex and medulla secrete hormones

Question 27

Peritoneum

Answer 27

Serous membrane lining abdominal and pelvic cavity walls

Question 28

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 28

membrane lining wall of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 29

Visceral Peritoneum

Answer 29

Covers surface of organs, continuous with parietal peritoneum

Question 30

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 30

space between parietal and visceral peritoneum