Nervous System

Question 1

3 parts of the neuron

Answer 1

cell body, dendrite, axon

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

transmit signals to the cell body

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

sends signal from cell body to axon terminal to be sent to a new neuron

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

sending signals from the terminal bouton across the synaptic cleft to the new neuron

Question 5

What supplies energy for a synapse?

Answer 5

Mitochondria on pre and postsynaptic neurons

Question 6

Golgi Preparation

Answer 6

Isolate individual neurons

Question 7

Nissl Preparation

Answer 7

Shows cell bodies of neurons

Question 8

Myelin Preparation

Answer 8

Stains myelinated fibers but not cell bodies or dendrites

Question 9

H and E Preparation

Answer 9

Stains entire neuron

Question 10

Central Nervous System

Answer 10

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 11

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 11

nerves/ ganglia that are not a part of the brain or spinal cord (except CN2)

Question 12

Clusters of neuron cell bodies

PNS vs CNS

Answer 12

PNS- Ganglia

CNS- nuclei

Question 13

Glial Cells

Answer 13

support functions for neurons relating to nutrition, regulate extracellular environment (blood brain barrier, immune system), myelin insulation

Question 14

Astrocytes

Answer 14

Support and repair neurons

Form Brain-blood barrier in CNS

Question 15

Astrocyte End-feet

Answer 15

make glia limitans which coat the inner surface of pia mater

Question 16

Microglia

Answer 16

Clean up cellular debris via phagocytosis

Question 17

Satellite

Answer 17

Form brain-blood barrier in CNS; similar to astrocytes

Question 18

Ependymal

Answer 18

Form epithelial lining of CNS; make cerebrospinal fluid

Question 19

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 19

Myelinates axons of neurons in CNS

Question 20

Schwann Cells

Answer 20

Myelinates axons of neurons in PNS

Question 21

Dura Mater

Answer 21

Tough outermost lining that covers brain and spinal cord

Question 22

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 22

Fibrous membrane, between Dura and Pia mater

Question 23

Pia Mater

Answer 23

Innermost layer, attached to brain and spinal cord

Question 24

Forebrain

Answer 24

Anterior part; contains cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, hypothalamus
AKA proencephalon

Question 25

Hindbrain

Answer 25

Lowe part of brainstem; contains cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata AKA rhombencephalon

Question 26

Telencephalon

Answer 26

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 27

Diencephalon

Answer 27

Epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, third ventricle

Question 28

Mesencephalon

Answer 28

midbrain; tectum, tegmentum, cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncles

Question 29

Metencephalon

Answer 29

Pons and cerebellum

Question 30

Myelencephalon

Answer 30

Medulla Oblongata

Question 31

Spinal Cord

Answer 31

Extends from Medulla to between 1st and 2nd Lumbar vertebrae, where it becomes a tendon

Question 32

Grey Matter

Answer 32

Contains cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals- where synapses occur Do not have extended axons No myelin sheath

Question 33

White Matter

Answer 33

Made of axons that connect gray matter | Myelinated

Question 34

Node of Ranvier

Answer 34

Unmyelinated parts of axons that causes a signal to jump and speeds up the signal

Question 35

Fascicle

Answer 35

Bundle of neurons surrounded by CT

Question 36

Nerve

Answer 36

Bundle of fascicles surrounded by CT

Question 37

Epineurium

Answer 37

Dense, irregular CT that surrounds all peripheral nerves

Question 38

Perineurium

Answer 38

CT that contains flattened fibroblasts that surround each fascicle AKA blood-brain barrier

Question 39

Endoneurium

Answer 39

loose CT within a fascicle that surrounds each axon

Question 40

What type of fibers are carried by peripheral nerve fibers?

Answer 40

Motory, sensory, autonomic

Question 41

Posterior Root of CNS

Answer 41

carries sensory signals from body back to CNS

Question 42

Anterior Root of CNS

Answer 42

carries motor signals from CNS to muscles and organs

Question 43

List the Cranial Nerves in order

Answer 43

Olfactory; Optic; Occulomotor; Trochlear; Trigeminal; Abducens; Facial; Vestibulochochlear; Glossopharyngeal; Vagus; Accessory; Hypoglossal

Question 44

Dermatome

Answer 44

Area of skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root

Question 45

Sympathetic System

Answer 45

Emotions; Fight or Flight

Question 46

Parasympathetic System

Answer 46

Rest and Digest

Question 47

Enteric Division of ANS

Answer 47

Network of plexuses in walls of gut, move bolus through gastrointestinal tract

Question 48

Oculomotor Nerve

Answer 48

Synapse in ciliary ganglion | Innervate sphincter of pupil and ciliary muscle

Question 49

Facial Nerve

Answer 49

Synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion; Innervates lacrimal and nasal glands Synapse in submandibular ganglion; innervates submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 50

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Answer 50

Synapse in otic ganglion | Innervates parotid gland

Question 51

Vagus Nerve

Answer 51

Synapse in mural or intramural ganglia of heart, lungs, lower esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, SI, ascending and transverse colon