Energy Systems Flashcards
(18 cards)
What are the 4 energy systems ?
ATP-PC system
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic glycolysis
Aerobic lipolysis
What’s ATP ?
Adenosine triphosphate
How is energy released ?
Phosphate bond needs to break off from ATP
Uses enzyme called ATPase
Turns into ADP
What are the 3 factors that affect the selection of energy system ?
Intensity
Duration
Fitness levels
What are the characteristics of ATP-PC system ?
Anaerobic activity
Explosive/maximal strength exercise
Activity lasts 8-12 seconds
Uses phosphocreatine that’s located in sarcoplasm of the muscle
PC limited in cells and takes 3 min to restore back to 98%
1 PC breakdown forms 1 ATP
How does the ATP-PC system work ?
- PC broken down by creatine kinase
- Producing phosphate and creatine and energy
- Energy produced is then used to combine ADP with extra phosphate that’s released
- ATP is formed
What are the ads and disads of ATP-PC system ?
ADS:
- replenishes ATP quickest
- readily accessible
- no rely on O2
- no waste products produced
DISADS:
- low ATP yield, 1 mol ATP per 1 mol of PC
- lasts 8-12 seconds
- body will rely on other systems when this runs out
- most inefficient system
What are characteristics of anaerobic glycolysis?
Anaerobic activity
Activity lasting less than 3 minutes
Uses glycogen to resynthesis ATP
Produces ‘lactic acid’
One glucose breakdown forms 2 ATP
How does the anaerobic glycolysis system work ?
- Glycogen broken down into glucose using enzyme glycogen phosphorylase
- Glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid and 2 ATP are formed using the enzyme PFK
- Pyruvate is then converted into lactic acid which is hydrogen ions and lactate
What are the ads and disads of anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic?
ADS:
- no O2 required
- last up to 3 mins and peaks at 1 min
- Greater energy yield than previous system (1 glucose breakdown forms 2 ATP)
DISADS:
- produce hydrogen ions cause blood acidity which can denature enzymes so slower replenishing of ATP
What are the ads and disads of anaerobic glycolysis ?
ADS:
- no O2 required
- last up to 3 mins and peaks at 1 min
- Greater energy yield than previous system (1 glucose breakdown forms 2 ATP)
DISADS:
- produce hydrogen ions cause blood acidity which can denature enzymes so slower replenishing of ATP
What are the characteristics of the aerobic glycolysis system ?
Slowest at replenishing ATP
Most efficient system 1 glucose breakdown form 38 ATP
Used in long distance and any events over 5 min long
Requires O2
What three ways does the aerobic glycolysis system produce ATP ?
Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Beta oxidation
How does the aerobic glycolysis system work ?
HAPPENS IN SARCOPLASM:
1. Glycogen breakdown into glucose via glycogen phosphorylase
2. Glucose then broke down into pyruvic acid via enzyme PFK which forms 2 ATP
HAPPENS IN MITOCHONDRIA:
3. Pyruvic acid converted into acetylene coenzyme
4. This enters kreb cycle and form 2 ATP
5. Kreb cycle produce CO2 and hydrogen ions
6. The hydrogen ions are used in electron transport chain which form 34 ATP and produce H2O and CO2
What are the characteristics of aerobic lipolysis ?
Breakdown triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in muscle cells
What is beta oxidation ?
Fatty acids are broken down in mitochondria to generate acetyl coenzyme A which is entry molecule for Krebs cycle
How does aerobic lipolysis work ?
- Fats broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids
- Which converts to acetyl coenzyme A
- This enters kreb cycle
- Then electron transport chain system
- This produces 147 ATP
Summary of energy substrates:
- PC stores = max intensity (90-100%) with very short duration (8-12s)
- Glucose = high to mid intensity (60-90%) with duration of 12s - 5 min
- Lipids = low to mid intensity (40-60%) with duration of 5 min - couple hours or days
