Long Term Adaptations Of Exercise

Question 1

What are the aerobic long term adaptations that occur in the musculoskeletal system ?

Answer 1

MUSCLE:
- increase myoglobin count
- increase number of mitochondria in muscle cells
- increase efficiency of type 1 muscle fibres and utilisation of these fibres and type 2a
- increase number of capillaries around muscle increasing diffusion and O2 into muscle

BONES AND JOINTS:
- improve bone density
- enhanced ligament and tendon strength
- increased amount of synovial fluid in joint capsule

Question 2

What are the aerobic long term adaptations in respiratory system ?

Answer 2

• increase capillarisation of lungs around alveoli
• increase strength of respiratory muscles
• increase utilisation of alveoli the effected reduced breathing frequency
• increase tidal vol and minute ventilation

Question 3

What are are aerobic long term adaptations of the cardio vascular system ?

Answer 3

• Cardiac hypertrophy
• ventricles hold more blood (increase diastolic phase of cardiac cycle)
• reduce resting HR
• increase BP during exercise and reduce BP at rest
• reduce potential impact of hypertension and coronary heart disease was se
• increase number of red blood cells result in more haemoglobin
• increase vasomotor control

Question 4

What are the anaerobic long term adaptations of the musculoskeletal system ?

Answer 4

• increase PC and glycogen stores
• muscle hypertrophy
• increase bone density and tendon strength and thickness
• develop type 2b muscle fibres and utilising type 2a
• neural systems improve (nerve impulse speed increases, increase motor unit recruitment and size)
• greater tolerance to lactic acid