Enlightenment

Question 1

Enlightenment

Answer 1

European intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems.

Question 2

social contract

Answer 2

the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government (monarchy).

Question 3

John Locke

Answer 3

Social contract: people and ruler, ruler must give the people life, liberty, and property; if ruler fails to give, then people can over throw. Favored the idea of self government. [Life liberty and property]; people could learn from experiences and improve themselves and could start over with a blank slate

Question 4

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 4

Believed that people should hand over their rights to a strong ruler. Social contract: between people and ruler, but cannot overthrow the ruler. Thought humans were selfish and wicked.
Ideal government was absolute monarchy

Question 5

Leviathan

Answer 5

“sea monster.” Book life is nasty and brutish and short.

Question 6

philosophe

Answer 6

one of a group of social thinkers in France. People who were enlightened.

Question 7

Voltaire

Answer 7

Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech. “I might not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”
in favor of freedom of speech.

Question 8

Montesquieu

Answer 8

French writer. Believed in checks and balances [separation of powers: judicial, legislative, and executive.

Question 9

The Spirit of the Laws

Answer 9

Written by Montesquieu. Proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining too much control

Question 10

Rousseau

Answer 10

Philosophe. Believed in a direct democracy. All people were equal and that titles of nobility should be abolished. “Everyman is born free, but everywhere is in chains.”

Question 11

Jonathan Swift

Answer 11

Wrote Gulliver’s Travels. Article about eating babies.

Question 12

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer 12

Fought for women’s educational rights. Didn’t like Rousseau because he believed that women should be at home.

Question 13

Cesare Beccaria

Answer 13

Didn’t agree with torture and wanted an end to capital government. Thought prison should be reformed.

Question 14

baroque

Answer 14

instill a sense of awe

Question 15

Denis Diderot

Answer 15

Philosophe. Created the Encyclopedia.

Question 16

salon

Answer 16

a social gathering of intellects and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities.

Question 17

Encyclopedia

Answer 17

A large set of books filled with articles and essays from many leading scholars.

Question 18

neoclassical

Answer 18

formal, elegant style (based on the themes from Greece and Rome). Columns.

Question 19

symphony

Answer 19

New type of classical music. Bach, Handel

Question 20

rococo

Answer 20

frilly, dainty, playful style of art

Question 21

The Social Contract

Answer 21

Book written by Rousseau that explained his political philosophy that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the “general will” of society.