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ENT Neoplasms Flashcards

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1
Q

Which gender is at greater risk for H&N CA?

A

Men

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2
Q

Risk Factors for H&N CA

A 
Smoking
Alcohol
Viral Infection (EBV, HIV)
Occupational exposure
HPV
Radiation
Poor oral hygiene
Periodontal disease
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3
Q

Mucosal Oral Tumors

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Oral lichen Plans
Oral carcinoma

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4
Q

Salivary Gland Oral Tumors

A

Parotid
Warthlin’s tumor
Pleomorphic adenoma

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5
Q

What is Leukoplakia?

A

Precancerous lesion that presents as white patches or plaques on oral mucosa that cannot be removed by rubbing
Common in smokeless tobacco users

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6
Q

What is Erythroplakia?

A

Precancerous lesion that presents asa red erythematous component on oral mucosa that can’t be removed by rubbing

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7
Q

Risk Factors & Diagnostics of Erythroplakia

A

Alcohol/tobacco use

Need biopsy

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8
Q

What is Oral Lichen Planus?

A

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease

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9
Q

Presentation of Oral Lichen Planus

A

Lace-like white patches on buccal mucosa

Erosions on gingival margin

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10
Q

Diagnostics & Therapy for Oral Lichen Planus

A

Exfoliative cytology or biopsy

Therapy: Corticosteroids

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11
Q

Most Common Locations of Oral Cancer

A

Tongue
Tonsils
Gums
Floor of Mouth

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12
Q

Signs & Symptoms of Oral Cancer

A

Sore in the mouth that doesn’t heal
Red/white patch in mouth
Persistent sore throat
Hoarseness or change in voice

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13
Q

Oral Cancer Diagnostics

A 
Hx for risk factors
Exam
Endoscopy
Biopsy
CT
MRI
US
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14
Q

Oral Cancer Treatment

A

Surgery
Radiation
Possible Chemo

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15
Q

Which is the most common salivary gland tumor?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma- Parotid

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16
Q

Risk Factors for Salivary Glands

A

Radiation exposure
Smoking (Warthin’s tumor)
Virus infection
Industrial exposure

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17
Q

Presentation of Salivary Gland tumors

A 
Painless mass of salivary gland
Sub-mucosal mass/ulcerations (minor)
Nasal obstruction
Congestion
Vision changes
Trismus
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18
Q

Workup for Salivary Gland Tumors

A 
Good history & PE
CT
MRI
US
Biopsy
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19
Q

Treatment of Salivary Gland Tumor

A 
Surgery
Radiation
Combo
Total Parotidectomy
Conservative Parotidectomy
Superficial Parotidectomy
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20
Q

Conservative Parotidectomy

A

Partial parotidectomy without facial nerve

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21
Q

Superficial Parotidectomy

A

Parotidectomy of entire superficial lobe & dissection along facial nerve

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22
Q

Total Parotidectomy

A

Removal of entire lobe and surrounding tissue with preservation of facial nerve

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23
Q

Reason for Superficial Resection

A

Pleomorphic adenomas

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24
Q

Reason for Conservative Resection

A

Warthin’s tumors

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25
Treatment for Submandibular Glands
Submandibular sialoadenectomy | Resection of submandibular gland
26
Treatment of Sublingual Glands
Resection of floor of mouth and involved sublingual gland as well as ipsilateral submandibular gland
27
Treatment of Minor Salivary Glands
Surgical resection | Radiation preferred
28
Characteristics of Pleomorphic Adenoma
``` Slowly growing Painless Solitary Firm Smooth Moveable mass without nerve involvement ```
29
Diagnostics of Pleomorphic Adenoma
CT MRI FNA
30
Treatment of Pleomorphic Adenoma
Superficial parotidectomy
31
Warthin's Tumor
Bilateral parotid gland Older age Superficial location
32
Risk Factor for Warthin's Tumor
Smoking
33
Treatment for Warthin's Tumor
Conservative resection
34
Where is most common place for nasal/sinus tumors?
Maxillary sinus
35
Causes & Risk Factors for Nasal & Sinus Tumors
``` Smoking & tobacco smoke Exposure to dust from wood Leather or textiles Inhaling vapors from glue Formaldehyde Solvents Nickel ```
36
Signs & Symptoms of Nasal & Sinus Tumors
Persistent nasal congestion Pain in the forehead, cheek, nose or around the eyes or ear Post-nasal drip Frequent & persistent nosebleeds
37
Diagnostics of Nasal and Sinus Tumors
``` H&P of H&N Fiberoptic scope Biopsy (FNA/open) CT MRI PET ```
38
Treatment of Nasal and Sinus Tumors
Surgery +/- chemo/rads Radiation Chemotherapy
39
Types of Malignant Nasal & Sinus Tumors
SCC Adenocarcinoma Lymphomas Esthesioneuroblastoma
40
Types of Benign Nasal & Sinus Tumors
``` Osteomas Viral infections (HPV) ```
41
Different Types of Nasopharyngeal Cancers
Keratinizing Non-keratinizing Undifferentiated Subtype
42
Keratinizing Pharyngeal Tumors
Well-differentiated cells that produce keratin Less associated with EBV RadioRESISTANT
43
Non-keratinizing Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Tends to metastasize Linked to EBV Variable radiosensitivity
44
Undifferentiated Subtype Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Conduction with high numbers of lymphocytes Associated with EBV Metastasize RadioSENSITIVE
45
Signs & Symptoms of Nasopharyngeal Tumors
``` Lump in nose or neck Sore throat Trouble breathing or speaking Nosebleeds Trouble hearing Pain or ringing in ears Headaches ```
46
Areas for Oropharyngeal Tumors
Base of tongue Tonsillar region Soft palate/uvula Pharyngeal wall
47
Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Tumors
``` Tobacco Poor nutrition Heavy alcohol use Eastern Asian descent HPV ```
48
Signs & Symptoms of Oropharyngeal Cancer
``` Sore throat that doesn't go away Lump in back of mouth, throat, or neck Dull pain behind breastbone Cough Trouble swallowing ```
49
Most type of Oral, Nasal, Sinus, or Pharyngeal Cancer
SCC
50
Risk Factors for Hypopharyngeal Cancer
``` Excessive drinking Smoking Poor nutrition Male HPV ```
51
Signs & Symptoms of Hypopharyngeal Cancer
``` Sore throat that doesn't go away Ear pain Lump in neck Dysphagia and painful swallowing Change in voice ```
52
Diagnostics of Pharyngeal Tumors
``` H&P Head, neck, & chest x-rays CT MRI PET Endoscopy Biopsy HPV testing ```
53
Diagnostics of Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Naoscopy | EBV test
54
Diagnostics of Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Barium esophagogram Esophagoscopy Bronchoscopy
55
Treatment of Pharyngeal Tumors
Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy
56
Most common type of laryngeal tumors
SCC
57
4 Subtypes of SCC
Glottic carcinoma Supraglottic carcinoma Subglottic carcinoma Transglottic carcinoma
58
Anatomic Area for Glottic Carcinoma
Involves true vocal cords
59
Anatomic Area for Supraglottic Carcinoma
Confined to the supraglottic area
60
Anatomic Area for Subglottic Carcinoma
Arise more than 10mm below free margin of vocal cords
61
Anatomic Area for Transglottic Carcinoma
Cross ventricle from supraglottic area to involve true and false vocal folds
62
Risk Factors for Laryngeal Tumors
Tobacco/Alcohol Poor diet/oral hygiene HPV GERD
63
Presentation of Laryngeal Tumors
Progressive continuous hoarseness Dyspnoea Stridor Dysphagia
64
Workup of Laryngeal Tumors
``` CT MRI PET Chest xray Direct laryngoscopy FNA cytology ```
65
Treatment for Laryngeal Tumors
Early stages: radiation or surgery | Advance stages: surgery & post-op chemoradiation

ENT (10 decks)

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