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ENT > Neck Disorders > Flashcards

Neck Disorders Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Which nerves are connected with the taste buds?

A

CN VII

CN XI

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2
Q

Factors Leading to Flavor

A 
Smell
Taste
Irritation
Texture
Temperature
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3
Q

Hypogeusia

A

Diminished taste to 1 or more tastants

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4
Q

Ageusia

A

Absent taste function

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5
Q

Dysgeusia

A

Persistent sweet, sour, salty, bitter or metallic taste

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6
Q

Allegeusia

A

Unpleasant taste of food or drink that is usually pleasant

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7
Q

Phantogeusia

A

Unpleasant taste produced indigenously due to gustatory hallucination

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8
Q

Etiology of Taste Disorders

A 
Aging
Infections
Gastric reflux
Drugs
Xerostomia
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9
Q

Reasons for Xerostomia

A 
Diseases
Radiation
Infections
Drugs- TCA's
Toxins
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10
Q

Treatment of Dysgeusia

A

Treat underlying problem when possible

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

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11
Q

Treatment for Burning Mouth

A

TCA’s

Clonazepam

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12
Q

Reasons for Halitosis

A 
Good oral hygiene
Dentures
Mouth breather
Snores
Excess nasal discharge
Excess nasal obstruction
DM
Immunosuppresed
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13
Q

Define Halitophobics

A

People who are afraid they have bad breath but don’t actually have bad breath

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14
Q

PE for Halitosis

A

Smell patients breath through mouth
Smell patients breath through nose
Scrape tongue and smell the scrapings

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15
Q

Etiology of Halitosis in the Oral Cavity

A

Breakdown of amino acids producing sulfur
Poor dental hygiene
Accumulation & putrefaction of postnasal drip
Dental Abscess
Gingivitis
Unclean Dentures

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16
Q

Etiology of Halitosis in the Nasal Passages

A

Nasal infection
Polyps
FB in children

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17
Q

Etiology of Halitosis in the Tonsils

A

Tonsilloliths

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18
Q

Treatment of Halitosis in the Oral Cavity

A 
Proper dental care/hygiene
Cleaning of posterior tongue
Rinsing/deep gargling with mouthwash
Brief gum chewing
Sufficient water intake
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19
Q

Stomatitis- Oral Infections

A 
Candida
HSV
VAV
HIV
Recurrent apthous stomatitis (RAS)
RULE OUT CA
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20
Q

Treatment for Aphthous Ulcers

A

Symptomatic Relief
Chemical cautery
Intralesional or oral cortison

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21
Q

Symptomatic Relief for Aphthous Ulcers

A

Triamcinolone acetonide
Oragel
Anbesol

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22
Q

Stomatitis due to Varicella-zoster Virus

A

Grouped vesicles unilaterally on the hard palate

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23
Q

Stomatitis due to HIV

A

Painful mucocutaneous ulceration one of the most distinctive manifestation of primary HIV-1

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24
Q

Complications of Xerostomia

A 
Severe dental caries
Gum disease
Halitosis
Salivary gland calculi
Dysphagia
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25
Etiology of Xerostomia
Autoimmune Radiation treatment Medication SE
26
Treatment of Xerostomia
Artificial saliva
27
Odynophagia Differential Diagnosis
Severe stomatitis Candida involving the esophagus GERD Stomatitis in immunosuppressed patients
28
Treatment of Odynophagia
Treat the underlying cause
29
Indirect Laryngoscopy Indications
``` Hoarseness >2 weeks Odynophagia Voice change Dysphagia Hemoptysis FB sensation ```
30
Contraindications for Indirect Laryngoscopy
Uncooperative patient Patient with strong gag reflex Compromised airway
31
Supplies Needed for Indirect Laryngoscopy
Light source Warmed mirror Gauze Topical anesthetic
32
Keys in History in Hoarseness
``` Duration & onset Triggers Better/worse H&N symptoms Hx of neck surgery Hx of smoking or alcohol abuse Hx of reflex Hx of trauma or ET intubation Occupation Hobbies Habits impacting voice ```
33
Etiologies of Hoarseness
``` Acute laryngitis Chronic laryngitis Benign vocal fold lesions Malignancy involving the larynx Neurologic dysfunction Functional issues Systemic conditions ```
34
Treatment for Hoarseness due to Acute Laryngitis
Self-limited Secondary to URI Voice rest Fluids
35
Treatment for Hoarseness due to Chronic Laryngitis
``` Chronic irritants Toxins GERD Chronic sinusitis Postnasal drip Chronic alcohol use Chronic vocal strain Tobacco smoke Treat underlying etiology ```
36
Types of Benign Vocal Cord Lesions
Polyps | Nodules
37
Polyps
Chronic vocal cord irritation | Etiologies: smoking, reflux, muscle tension dysphonia
38
Nodules
Bilateral, symmetric Singers/screamers nodes More common in women & children
39
Laryngeal CA
Primarily SCC Risk Factors: smoking/alcohol abuse Metastasizes to regional lymph nodes
40
3 Phases of Swallowing
Oral preparatory Pharyngeal Esophageal
41
Disorders of Oral Preparatory Phase
Inadequate mastication Xerostomia Neurologic disorders Disruption of oropharyngeal mucosa
42
Disorders of the Pharyngeal Phase
Neuromuscular discordination Obstructions within oropharynx Poor compliance of upper esophageal sphincter
43
Key History to Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Symptoms occur immediately after swallowing Hx of neurologic symptoms Dry mouth & eyes
44
Complaints with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
``` Coughing Choking Drooling Odynophagia Changes in speech Weight loss Aspiration ```
45
Diagnostic Tests of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
``` Barium Studies (piece of bread) Fiberoptic endosopic evaluation Nasopharyngeal laryngoscopy Manometry ```
46
Differential of Acute Pharyngitis in Adults
Viruses (HSV, EBV, HIV, Diptheria) | 10%- Group A strep
47
Acute Pharyngitis Management
``` Throat, nasopharyngeal specimens Rapid strep culture Monospot Influenza Hx of HIV risk factors ```
48
Group A Strep Acute Pharyngitis Treatment
Penicillin/Amoxacillin Cephalosporin Macrolide
49
Symptomatic Treatment
``` Analgesics (acetaminophen, NSAIDS, aspirin) Topical analgesics (lozenges, sprays, fluids) ```
50
What is Tonsillopharyngitis caused by?
Group A strep
51
Presentation of Tonsillopharyngitis
Severe sore throat Difficulty swallowing Fever
52
Signs of Tonsillopharyngitis
Enlarged, erythematous tonsils with exudate | Lymphadenopathy
53
Treatment goals in Group A Strep Tonsillopharyngitis
Reduce duration & severity of symptoms Reduce nonsuppurative complications Reduce transmission to close contacts
54
What is a Peritonsillar Abscess?
Complication of tonsillitis
55
Presentation of Peritonsillar Abscess
``` Sore throat Odynophagia Fever Trismus Develop dysphagia, drooling, & voice changes Ipsilateral ear pain ```
56
Differential Diagnosis of Peritonsillar Abscess
Unilateral tonsillitis Peritonsilar cellulitis Mono Neoplasm
57
Treatment of Peritonsillar Abscess
I&D then antibiotics | Sometimes tonsillectomy
58
Diptheria
Corynbacterium diphtheriae | Spread by respiratory droplets or cutaneously
59
Characteristic Sign of Diptheria
Grayish/white exudate | Pseudomembrane
60
Diagnostic Test for Diphtheria
Culture | Test for toxin
61
Treatment for Diphtheria
Erythromycin PCN Antitoxin Treat contacts

ENT (10 decks)

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