Equine Urinary Assessment

Question 1

Which part of the kidney is most sensitive to hypoxia?

Answer 1

Thick ascending loop of henle

Question 2

Is BUN reliable to assess in horses?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

How does creatinine relate to muscle mass?

Answer 3

More muscle mass = more creatinine

Question 4

What are normal creatinine values?

Answer 4

0.4 - 1.8

Question 5

What is normal neonatal creatinine?

Answer 5

5-q5mg/dL (should reduce within first few days of life)

Question 6

What electrolyte abnormalities are common with renal disease?

Answer 6

Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Hyperkalemia

Question 7

Calcium and phosphorus values in CKD vs AKI

Answer 7

CKD: hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia
AKI: hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia

Question 8

What is normal USG in a horse?

Answer 8

> 1.025

Question 9

What is normal USG for a neonate?

Answer 9

Isosthenuric to hypostehnuric (due to milk diet)

Question 10

What does plasma and urine look like with whole blood?

Answer 10

Clear urine, clear plasma

Question 11

What does plasma and urine look like with hemoglobin?

Answer 11

Pink urine, pink plasma

Question 12

What does plasma and urine look like with myoglobin?

Answer 12

Pink urine, clear plasma

Question 13

Medullary rim sign

Answer 13

Acute or chronic NSAID toxicity