Infertility in the Bovine Female Flashcards
(21 cards)
Freemartinism
Female co-twinned with a male
Sterile due to male hormonal (androgens AMH) influences
Segmental Aplasia
“White Heifer Disease”
Part of the reproductive tract missing or incomplete
Heifers can cycle normally and conceive
Uterus Unicornus
Entire horn of the uterus is missing
Allows for potential conception but may lead to delays
Double Cervix
Failure of Muellerian duct fusion
Heritable
Challenges for insemination
Ovarian Hypoplasia
Unilateral or bilateral underdevelopment of the ovaries
Difficulty breeding
What body weight should a heifer reach before cycling?
45% of mature body weight
What body weight should a heifer be for optimal breeding?
85% of mature body weight
What is the ideal pre-breeding hip height?
48-52in
What is produced by the CL?
Progesterone and estrogen
FSH
Stimulates follicle growth
LH
Triggers ovulation and supports the formation of the CL
Estrogens
Promote the signs of estrus and prepare the reproductive tract
Progesterone
Maintains the uterine lining during diestrus and inhibits estrus behavior
When do heifers cycle post-partum?
15-25d = first ovulation
True Anestrus
Minimal follicular activity and absence of a CL
Cystic Ovarian Disease
Fluid-filled structures greater than 3.0cm or smaller structures persisting for more than 10-14 days with absence of CL
What is the most common ovarian tumor in cattle?
Granulosa cell tumor
What factors contribute to retained placentas?
Dystocia, milk fever, vitamin E/Se deficiency, possible immune dysfunction
Compare metritis and endometritis
What are the common bacteria associated with the post-partum period?
Trueperella pyogenes (most concerning)
Fusobacterium
Bacterioides
Coliforms, strep, staph
What is the traditional drug of treatment for metritis in the cow?
Penicillin G
(Also ceftiofur)
