Ruminant Urinary Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the most common location of obstruction in cattle?
Sigmoid flexure
What is the most common location of obstruction in sheep and goats?
Urethral process
What is the normal USG in ruminants and camelids?
1.020 - 1.050
Normal dipstick values
Protein: neg to trace
WBC 0-3
RBC 0-5
Casts: none
Crystals: rare
Etiologic Agent: Ulcerative Posthitis
“Pizzle Rot”
Corynebacterium renale
What is the pathogenesis of ulcerative posthitis?
High protein feeds (legumes, alfalfa)
Urinary tract is/is not a major risk factor for urolithiasis in ruminants?
Is NOT
What stones can be dissolved in acid?
Struvite
What are struvite stones associated with?
Feedlots (high P, low Ca)
High grain diets
What are silicate stones associated with?
Range animals
What are calcium carbonate stones associated with?
High calcium diets (clover, alfalfa, pasture)
What are calcium oxalate stones associated with?
High calcium diets, over-supplementation of ascorbic acid
What is pelvic urethral pulsation indicative of in sheep and goats?
Obstruction
Clinical Signs: Urethral rupture
Pitting edema
Initially tissues are warm and painful, then cool and nonpainful
Ammonia odor to breath
Bladder is empty
Clinical Signs: Bladder Rupture
Smaller bladder, not straining
Profound dehydration
Pear-shaped abdominal distension
Fluid wave
Ammonia odor to breath
Labwork: Bladder Rupture
Cr (abd) > 2x Cr (serum)
Hyponatremia
Hypochloremia
Variable hyperkalemia
Severe azotemia
What is a hallmark of partial urethreal obstuctions?
Severe azotemia
“Dribblers”
What type of stones are best to be acidified?
Struvite
Apatite
What type of stones do not dissolve?
Calcium carbonate
What are the clinical syndromes of UTI?
Cystitis (no fever)
Pyelonephritis (fever, casts)
What is the best treatment for UTIs in ruminants?
Penicillin, ampicillin, sulfonamide
Beta lactams
What drugs are prohibited for use in food animals?
Illegal: fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, danofloxacin)
Discouraged: gentamycin, amikacin, neomycin
How is lepto spread?
Hematogenous
What are the predominant effects of L. hardjo?
Reproductive effects
