ethics Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is an ethical issue
Issues that arise when a conflict exists between the rights of the participant in the research and the goals of the researcher.
what are the main ethical issues?
- confidentiality
- deception
- informed consent
- protection from harm
- right to withdraw
- anonymity
what the right to withdraw refer to?
participants should have the right to withdraw from participating in a study if they are uncomfortable in any way and should also have the right to refuse permission for the researcher to use any data they produced.
what does deception refer to?
where a participant is not told the true aims of the study and so therefore cannot give truly informed consent.
what does informed consent refer to?
Participants have the right to be given comprehensive information concerning the nature and purpose of the research and their role in it, in order that they can make an informed decision about whether to participate.
what does protection from harm refer to?
During a research study, participants should not experience negative physical or psychological effects such as physical injury, lowered self-esteem or embarrassment.
what does confidentiality refer to?
A participant’s right to have personal information protected.
what does anonymity refer to?
A participant’s right to remain nameless.
how do you deal with the issue of informed consent?
Participants should be issued with a consent letter or form detailing all relevant information that might impact their decision to participate.
what is included in a consent form?
includes the specific details of the procedures, what their data might be used for and their rights, including their right to withdraw.
who cannot sign their own consent form?
children under 16,and so a signature of parental consent is required.
what are the 3 types of consent?
Presumptive consent
Prior general consent
Retrospective consent
what is presumptive consent?
rather than getting consent from the participants themselves, a similar group of people are asked if this study is acceptable. If the group agrees, then consent of the original participants is presumed.
what is prior general consent?
participants give their permission to take part in a number of different studies including one that will involve deception. By consenting, participants are effectively consenting to being deceived.
what is retrospective consent?
participants are asked for their consent, during debriefing, having already taken part in the study. They may not have been aware of their participation, or they may have been subject to deception.
how do you deal with the issue of deception and protection from harm?
participants should be given a full debrief.
what is a debrief?
a session where participant should be made aware of the true aims of the investigation and any details they were not supplied with during the brief or the study itself, such as the existence of other groups or experimental conditions.
what must researchers also do in the debrief ?
-Participants should also be told what their data will be used for.
-They must be given and/or reminded of their right to withdraw
- allowed to withhold data if they wish.
- reassured that their behaviour was typical or normal.
-if necessary provide counselling,
how should the issue of confidentiality be dealt with?
-refer to participants using numbers or initials when writing up case studies.
-during briefing and debriefing participants are reminded that their data will be protected throughout the process
