quantitative and qualitative data Flashcards
What is quantitative data?
Quantitative data is numerical data that can be measured and statistically analysed (e.g., test scores, number of aggressive acts). It is often collected via experiments, closed questionnaires, or structured observations.
What is qualitative data?
Qualitative data is descriptive, non-numerical data that captures the meaning or experience behind behaviour (e.g., interview transcripts, diary entries). It is often collected through open-ended methods like interviews or case studies.
What are strengths of quantitative data?
• Easier to analyse statistically
• Allows for objective comparison
• Replicable due to structured format
• Helps identify patterns and trends
What are limitations of quantitative data?
• May lack depth or miss context
• Can oversimplify complex behaviour
• Risk of response bias (e.g., in Likert scales)
What are strengths of qualitative data?
• Provides rich, detailed insight into thoughts, feelings, and motivations
• High ecological validity
• Useful for exploring new areas of research
What are limitations of qualitative data?
• Difficult to analyse and compare
• Subject to researcher bias in interpretation
• Less replicable and harder to generalise
What is a good example of a study using quantitative data?
Bandura et al. (1961) used structured observations to count number of aggressive acts shown by children after exposure to a model—this produced quantitative data.
What is a good example of a study using qualitative data?
Freud’s case study of Little Hans involved analysing detailed qualitative data from letters and interviews to explore psychodynamic concepts.
Can a method produce both quantitative and qualitative data?
Yes. For example, semi-structured interviews can produce quantitative data from fixed questions and qualitative data from open responses.
