features of science

Question 1

What are the three key features of science in psychology?

Answer 1

The three main features of science are:
1. Objectivity
2. Replicability
3. Theory construction and hypothesis testing

Question 2

What does objectivity mean in psychological research?

Answer 2

Objectivity means findings are based on unbiased, observable phenomena—not on the researcher’s personal opinions or expectations.

Question 3

What is replicability and why is it important?

Answer 3

Replicability refers to the ability to repeat a study and achieve consistent results. It’s crucial for checking reliability and confirming findings.

Question 4

What is the role of theory construction in science?

Answer 4

Scientific research leads to the development of theories—general principles that explain observations and can be used to make predictions.

Question 5

What is hypothesis testing in science?

Answer 5

Scientific theories produce testable hypotheses. These hypotheses are tested through systematic, empirical research—supporting or refuting the theory.

Question 6

What is the empirical method in science?

Answer 6

The empirical method involves gathering data through direct observation or experimentation, not intuition or personal belief.

Question 7

What does falsifiability mean, and why is it important in psychology?

Answer 7

Falsifiability means that a hypothesis or theory can be proven wrong. According to Popper, science advances by rejecting falsified theories.

Question 8

How does peer review link to science?

Answer 8

Peer review ensures scientific quality control—other experts evaluate the validity, reliability, and ethical standards of research before publication.

Question 9

How does psychology demonstrate the features of science?

Answer 9

Psychology uses empirical methods, tests hypotheses, and builds theories (e.g., cognitive theory). However, some areas (like humanistic) are less scientific due to subjectivity and lack of falsifiability.

Question 10

How can the scientific status of psychology be evaluated?

Answer 10

• Strengths: Use of controlled methods, objectivity, peer review
• Limitations: Some approaches lack falsifiability or replicability (e.g., psychodynamic)
• This affects public trust and application of findings