Ethnicity

Question 1

a black person or other foreigner (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 1

ayaquimati

Question 2

a black man or black woman; someone of African heritage (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 2

cacatzac

Question 3

Spaniards

(a loanword from Spanish, rooted in the place of origin, Castilla) {CN}

Answer 3

castilteca

Question 4

a person with (theoretically) one-quarter indigenous heritage, three-quarters Spanish; sometimes translated as a “quadroon; “ the female version is castiza
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 4

castizo

Question 5

in Spanish, or more literally, in Castilian

(a loanword from Spanish, Nahuatlized) {CN}

Answer 5

caxtilcopa

Question 6

Castile, or Spain

(a loanword from the Spanish, Castilla, Nahuatlized) {CN}

Answer 6

Caxtillan

Question 7

people from Castile (Castilla), i.e. Spaniards

(includes a loanword from Spanish, Nahuatlized) {CN}

Answer 7

caxtillan tlaca

Question 8

Spaniards, literally Castillians

(a loanword from Spanish, Nahuatlized) {CN}

Answer 8

caxtilteca

Question 9

Spaniard
(a loanword from Spanish, Nahuatlized)

[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 213.] {CN}

Answer 9

caxtiltecatl

Question 10

an ethnic group, enemies of the Mexica

[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 2 – The Ceremonies, No. 14, Part III, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 53.] {CN}

Answer 10

Cempoalteca

Question 11

the Chichimecs, a non-sedentary people of the North; sometimes also called Teochichimeca; referenced as the ancestors of the Mexica

(central Mexico, seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 106–109.] {CN}

Answer 11

Chichimeca

Question 12

a person of mixed ethnic heritage; or a Chinese person

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 12

chino

Question 13

a runaway slave (see attestations)

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 13

cimarron

Question 14

resident of Coatlan (see Karttunen); plural: Coateca {CN}

Answer 14

Coatecatl

Question 15

an ethnic group, ancient inhabitants of Tamoanchan in the southern basin, Valley of Mexico

(Quauhtinchan, s. XVI)
[Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 137, note 6.] {CN}

Answer 15

Cocolca

Question 16

a very russet-colored or dark-skinned man (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 16

cozpol

Question 17

an American-born Spaniard

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 17

criollo

Question 18

the people of the Huaxteca

[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 – Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 34.] {CN}

Answer 18

cuexteca

Question 19

a Spaniard (male)
 (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 19

espai±ol

Question 20

a Spanish-born Spaniard in the Americas; increasingly, a derogatory term {CN}

Answer 20

gachupi­n

Question 21

a Dutch person

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 21

holandes

Question 22

an indigenous person (noun); indigenous (adjective)

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 22

indio

Question 23

English; or, an English person

(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 23

ingles

Question 24

someone from Itztapalapan (today, Iztapalapa) (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 24

Itztapalapanecatl

Question 25

something gray, dark, swarthy, someone with a black face (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 25

ixcapotztic

Question 26

dark or black in complexion (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 26

ixtliltic

Question 27

Latin | (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 27

Latin

Question 28

indigenous Mexican (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 28

macehualtlacatl

Question 29

an ethnic group, enemies of the Mexica [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 2 -- The Ceremonies, No. 14, Part III, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1951), 53.] {CN}

Answer 29

Mecateca

Question 30

a person of mixed heritage, European and indigenous; the female version is mestiza (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 30

mestizo

Question 31

the people of Mexico City, the Mexica (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 31

Mexitin

Question 32

a Moor; or, in Mexico, a person of mixed heritage, part African (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 32

morisco

Question 33

Moor(s), North African muslim(s) {CN}

Answer 33

moro

Question 34

a mulatto, a person of mixed European and African heritage | (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 34

mulato

Question 35

a person native to a certain place, an indigenous person (noun); indigenous (adjective) (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 35

natural

Question 36

black, the color; or, a black person, a person of African heritage (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 36

negro

Question 37

here, around here (see Molina and Karttunen); local, indigenous {CN}

Answer 37

nican

Question 38

the residents here; i.e. the indigenous people (see attestations) (Cuauhtinchan, Puebla, sixteenth century) [Fuente: Luis Reyes Garci­a, "Ordenanzas para el gobierno de Cuauhtinchan, ai±o de 1559, " Estudios de Cultura Ni¡huatl 10 (1972), 312–313.] {CN}

Answer 38

nican chaneque

Question 39

people from here, local people, indigenous people, native people (see attestations) (singular: nican tlacatl; we people here: nican titlaca) {CN}

Answer 39

nican tlaca

Question 40

the language of the Toltecs, according to the Florentine Codex; also, the name for an ethnicity [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 170.] {CN}

Answer 40

Nonoalca

Question 41

the first leader of the Otomi­ [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 177.] {CN}

Answer 41

Oton

Question 42

Portuguese; a Portuguese person | (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 42

Portugues

Question 43

an ethnic group, ancient inhabitants of Tamoanchan in the southern basin, Valley of Mexico (Quauhtinchan, s. XVI) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 137, note 6.] {CN}

Answer 43

Quiyahuizteca

Question 44

a Roman, someone from Rome; or, Roman (adjective) | (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 44

romano

Question 45

an ethnic group known as skilled shooters of arrows; a semi-sedentary people related to the Teochichimeca [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 171.] {CN}

Answer 45

Tamin

Question 46

a person from Tenochtitlan (see Karttunen); a resident of Tenochtitlan; plural: Tenochca {CN}

Answer 46

Tenochcatl

Question 47

divine Chichimecs, Mexica ancestors (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 47

Teochichimeca

Question 48

the Tepanecs; arrived in the Valley of Mexico in the late 12th or early 13th centuries; their leader, Acolnahuacatl, took over leadership of Azcapotzalco; their subsequent leader Tezozomoc of Azcapotzalco ruled at the height of their influence, especially extending it over such places as the Valley of Toluca and in Morelos (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 48

Tepaneca

Question 49

the various peoples (see attestations); or, strangers, foreigners who now live among the locals (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 49

tlaca nepapantin

Question 50

inhabitant of Tlatelolco (plural: Tlatelolca) [Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 238.] {CN}

Answer 50

Tlatelolcatl

Question 51

to blacken (central Mexico, late sixteenth century; originally from Sahagiºn in 1574, a document that Chimalpahin copied) [Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 140–141.] {CN}

Answer 51

tliloa

Question 52

black, the color; or, a black person, a person of African heritage; to specify a black woman, this word could be combined with cihuatl {CN}

Answer 52

tliltic

Question 53

blackness (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 53

tliltica

Question 54

a Tolteca Chichimeca who settled in Tula with three other Tolteca Chichimecas and four Nonoalca Chichimecas, according to the Historia Tolteca Chichimeca or Anales de Cuauhtinchan (central Mexico, sixteenth century) [Fuente: Literaturas de Anahuac y del Incario / Literatures of Anahuac and the Inca, ed. Miguel Leon-Portilla (Mexico City: Siglo Veintiuno Editories, 2006), 192.] {CN}

Answer 54

Tololohuitzin

Question 55

an ethnic group (Quauhtinchan, s. XVI) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 141.] {CN}

Answer 55

Tolteca Chichimeca

Question 56

yellow hair {CN}

Answer 56

tzoncocoztli

Question 57

an ethnic group, ancient inhabitants of Tamoanchan in the southern basin, Valley of Mexico (Quauhtinchan, s. XVI) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 137, note 6.] {CN}

Answer 57

Xicalanca

Question 58

an ethnic group, ancient inhabitants of Tamoanchan in the southern basin, Valley of Mexico (Quauhtinchan, s. XVI) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 137, note 6.] {CN}

Answer 58

Xochteca