Hierarchy

Question 1

I am nothing, nobody {CN}

Answer 1

anitle

Question 2

to make oneself rich (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 2

axcahuacati

Question 3

to be forever praised (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 3

cehuecapanolo

Question 4

a key name in the conquest of Mexico; e.g. don Hernando Cortes, Spanish conqueror; indigenous people were also known to take this name; e.g. a man in Tlaxcala with the name “Cordes” finished up the term of office of don Juan Maxixcatzin when he died in 1562. Hernando’s son, don Marti­n Cortes, also figures in some manuscripts.

[Fuente: Here in This Year: Seventeenth-Century Nahuatl Annals of the Tlaxcala-Puebla Valley, ed. and transl. Camilla Townsend, with an essay by James Lockhart (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 166–167.] {CN}

Answer 4

Cortes

Question 5

nobleman through war deeds or other personal merit, not through descent

[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 231.] {CN}

Answer 5

cuauhpilli

Question 6

part of a metaphorical expression meant to refer to vassals, commmoners, macehuales: quilticanemi (those who pick quelites), quauhticanemi (those who gather firewood)

(sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan)
[Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 153, nota 5.] {CN}

Answer 6

cuauhticanemi

Question 7

to free someone of servitude (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 7

cuitlatlaza

Question 8

speech that is grand and lofty (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 8

huei tlatolli

Question 9

low quality wine with very little strength, usually given to servants (see Molina; partly a loan word, huino = vino = wine) {CN}

Answer 9

ic occan huetzi huino

Question 10

to live humbly (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 10

icnonemitia

Question 11

to impoverish another person, or deprive him or her of something (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 11

icnotlacatilia

Question 12

to make someone poor, or to deprive them of something (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 12

icnoyotl nictecuitia

Question 13

to make someone poor, or to deprive them of something (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 13

icnoyotl nicteittitia

Question 14

to become poor, or be deprived of something (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 14

icnoyotl tlacuitilli

Question 15

to become poor, or be deprived of something (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 15

icnoyotl tlattitili

Question 16

above the head of someone with class (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 16

icpactzinco

Question 17

the hands and the feet, a metaphor for dependents

(sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan)
[Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 148.] {CN}

Answer 17

in maitl in icxitl

Question 18

in your (pl.) vulgar, or common talk (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 18

inic ipan mocuepa amotlatol

Question 19

to equal, to be equivalent; to contend, to fight with {CN}

Answer 19

ixnamiqui

Question 20

to give someone the lead or the advantage, honoring that person (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 20

iznitequetza

Question 21

to give someone the lead or the advantage, honoring that person (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 21

iznitequixtia

Question 22

the language of the commoners; popular language

[Fuente: Katarzyna Mikulska Dabrowska, “‘Secret Language’ in Oral and Graphic Form: Religious-Magic Discourse in Actec Speeches and Manuscripts, “ Oral Tradition 25:3 (2010), 325–363, see page 327.] {CN}

Answer 22

macehuallatolli

Question 23

a poor commoner (macehualli with a diminutive ending) {CN}

Answer 23

macehualtontli

Question 24

to be seen as a servant, or a person with really bad luck (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 24

macehualyetoca

Question 25

a person who has become rich [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 41.] {CN}

Answer 25

macuiltono

Question 26

a rich person [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 41.] {CN}

Answer 26

macuiltonoa

Question 27

to disparage honors or reject an honorable job/title, status (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 27

mahuizotelchihua

Question 28

to be esteemed (see Molina); to be held in esteem, respect (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 28

mahuizti

Question 29

one who is borne on the back; part of a metaphorical expression for commoners, vassals (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 29

mamaloni

Question 30

to assist or be in the presence of the greatest (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 30

mauhca ycac

Question 31

to be rich, to be wealthy (see attestations) {CN}

Answer 31

mocuiltonoa

Question 32

noble | (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}

Answer 32

noble

Question 33

princely house {CN}

Answer 33

pilchan

Question 34

nobles [Fuente: S. L. Cline, Colonial Culhuacan, 1580-1600: A Social History of an Aztec Town (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1986), 236.] {CN}

Answer 34

pipiltin

Question 35

one who gathers quelites; a commoner, a vassal, a macehualli (sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 153, nota 5.] {CN}

Answer 35

quilpiqui

Question 36

part of a metaphorical expression meant to refer to vassals, commmoners, macehuales: quilticanemi (those who pick quelites), quauhticanemi (those who gather firewood) (sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 153, nota 5.] {CN}

Answer 36

quilticanemi

Question 37

lady (a loanword from Spanish) [Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}

Answer 37

sei±ora

Question 38

a type of noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 48.] {CN}

Answer 38

teahuayo

Question 39

to bathe slaves [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 33.] {CN}

Answer 39

tealtia

Question 40

to put people in order (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 40

tecpantlalia

Question 41

of nobility [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 49.] {CN}

Answer 41

tecpillo

Question 42

a (male or female) child of nobles [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 48.] {CN}

Answer 42

tecpilpil

Question 43

one who is upon one's lap; part of a metaphor referring to commoners [Fuente: Thelma D. Sullivan, "Tlatoani and Tlatocayotl in the Sahagiºn Manuscripts, " Estudios de Cultura Ni¡huatl 14 (1980), 227.] {CN}

Answer 43

tecuexanco

Question 44

a type of noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 48.] {CN}

Answer 44

tehuitzio

Question 45

a person of noble lineage [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 20.] {CN}

Answer 45

tehuitzyo

Question 46

a person of noble lineage (a metaphor) (see Molina); a noble man or woman (see Sahagiºn) [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 48.] {CN}

Answer 46

teixcuamul

Question 47

a type of noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 50.] {CN}

Answer 47

teixuiuh

Question 48

one who is in the cradle of one's arms; part of a metaphor for commoners [Fuente: Thelma D. Sullivan, "Tlatoani and Tlatocayotl in the Sahagiºn Manuscripts, " Estudios de Cultura Ni¡huatl 14 (1980), 227.] {CN}

Answer 48

temamalhuazco

Question 49

a type of noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 48.] {CN}

Answer 49

tetentzon

Question 50

to be underneath another (socially) (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 50

tetlancalaquini

Question 51

a noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 49.] {CN}

Answer 51

tetzicueuhca

Question 52

a title; lordly woman(?) (see attestations) (sixteenth century, Quauhtinchan) [Fuente: Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, eds. Paul Kirchhoff, Lina Odena Gi¼emes, y Luis Reyes Garci­a (Mexico: CISINAH, INAH-SEP, 1976), 186.] {CN}

Answer 52

teuczohuatl

Question 53

royal nobleman {CN}

Answer 53

tlahtocapilli

Question 54

ruler (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 54

tlatoqui

Question 55

to advance, to take the lead (see Karttunen) {CN}

Answer 55

tlayacanquetza

Question 56

a type of noblewoman [Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 -- The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 45.] {CN}

Answer 56

totecuiyocihuatl

Question 57

a name; for example, don Francisco Verdugo Quetzalmamalitzin [Fuente: Pedro Carrasco, "Sucesion y alianzas matrimoniales en la disnasti­a Teotihuacana, " Estudios de Cultura Ni¡huatl 11 (1974), 235–241, see p. 239.] {CN}

Answer 57

Verdugo Quetzalmamalitzin

Question 58

lady, madam (a loanword from Spanish, same as sei±Årah) [Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}

Answer 58

xinola

Question 59

those who are led, the macehualtin (from Sahagiºn, translation by Thelma Sullvan) {CN}

Answer 59

yacanaloni

Question 60

to be many people around a noble person (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 60

yayahualhuitimani

Question 61

to have great need (see Molina) {CN}

Answer 61

ye ompa onquiza in icnopillotl in icnotlacayotl