War Flashcards
(164 cards)
1
Q
to excite other people to riot; to get worked up, to become disturbed; to disturb others (see Karttunen and Molina) {CN}
A
acomana
2
Q
a type of sable, short and curved, with a sharp edge only on one side, except at the point
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
alfanje
3
Q
weapon(s); often in the plural, as a coat of arms, shield, heraldry
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
armas
4
Q
water and scorched earth, a metaphor for battle or war (see Molina) {CN}
A
atl tlachinolli
5
Q
bullet
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
bala
6
Q
a flag, a banner
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
bandera
7
Q
a weapon; a short-barrelled musket?
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
carabina
8
Q
to get one’s self lost or for one to become destroyed (ni) {CN}
A
cempoctlanti
9
Q
to destroy completely something belonging to someone else; or, to pardon someone else all the offenses he/she committed {CN}
A
cempopolhuia
10
Q
to destroy all that exists (see Molina) {CN}
A
cempopoloa
11
Q
to quarrel; to dispute; to harm; to do mischief {CN}
A
chalania
12
Q
to come to an agreement, speking of those who have an argument or are involved in a lawsuit (see Molina) {CN}
A
channonotza
13
Q
to guard or to await fearlessly for the enemy (when in the reflexive) (see Molina) {CN}
A
chieltia
14
Q
a soldier of the shield (see Molina) {CN}
A
chimalitquic
15
Q
through the reversing of shields; apparently a metaphor for a type of defeat through trickery (see attestation)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 76–77.] {CN}
A
chimaltlacuecuepaltica
16
Q
for someone, in this case specifically a warrior, to act like a woman
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 215.] {CN}
A
cihuatlamachtia
17
Q
to cause a fight or a quarrel (see Molina) {CN}
A
cocollalilia
18
Q
conqueror
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
A
conquistador
19
Q
a northeastern neighborhood of Tlatelolco, part of Mexico City; the site of the surrender of the Mexica in the Spanish/Tlaxcalan seizure of power (a battle that would later be reenacted)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, A Nahuatl-English Dictionary and Concordance to the Cantares Mexicanos: With an Analytic Transcription and Grammatical Notes (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985), 94.] {CN}
A
Coyonacazco
20
Q
the shorn one, a person who has been shorn; also, a strong male, a man, a warrior, an aggressor, a conqueror
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 10 – The People, No. 14, Part 11, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 23.] {CN}
A
cuachic
21
Q
a label given to brave but wicked warriors who were furious in battle and who “only came paying the tribute of death” – also called Otomi and tlaotonxinti
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 – Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 110.] {CN}
A
cuacuachictin
22
Q
war
(ca. 1582, central Mexico)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, Ballads of the Lords of New Spain (Austin: University of Texas Press, UTDigital, 2009), 48; http://utdi.org/book/index.php?page=songs.php] {CN}
A
cualanyotl
23
Q
to injure or cut someone’s head with a knife (see Molina)
[Fuente: Remi Simeon, Diccionario de la lengua ni¡huatl o mexicana, redactado segiºn los documentos…. (Mexico, 1981), 406–407.] {CN}
A
cuatzayana
24
Q
to brandish a spear, lance, or similar thing (see Molina) {CN}
A
cuecuetlania
25
to brandish a lance or something similar (see Molina) {CN}
cuecuetlatza
26
```
a dagger
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
```
daga
27
to break someone's ribs (see Molina) {CN}
elquequeza
28
enemy
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
enemigo
29
a shield, a coat of arms
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
escudo
30
great one, brave, warrior (an abstract form of huēy)
[Fuente: John Bierhorst, A Nahuatl English Dictionary and Concordance to the Cantares Mexicanos (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1985), 137.] {CN}
hueyotl
31
one who was active in Mexico City in early 1564; he was from Amanalco; he spoke up during disturbances when the Nahuas were upset about rising tribute costs and a riot occurred (see attestations) {CN}
Huixtopolcatl
32
to skirmish, or fight; to fight against others; to fight one against the others, or skirmish (see Molina) {CN}
icali
33
to injure, or beat someone lightly (see Molina) {CN}
ihuian huitequi
34
to let go of something because you become incapable or because of force of arms (see Molina) {CN}
ihuihui oticcauhque
35
the arrow and the shield; i.e. war (a metaphor)
[Fuente: Michel Launey, An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, translated and adapted by Christopher MacKay (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011), 128.] {CN}
in mitl in chimalli
36
to find what was being searched for, or to take on enemies (see Molina) {CN}
ipantilia
37
to be found or seen attacking, or pushing someone (see Molina) {CN}
itquitihuetzi
38
to rupture someone else's eye (see Molina) {CN}
ixcaxoa
39
to contend, fight, quarrel with someone (see Molina) {CN}
ixcuacua
40
to pick a fight with {CN}
ixpehua
41
to injure the eye of someone else {CN}
ixtelolo pitzinia
42
to stab someone in the face (see Molina) {CN}
ixtequi
43
to hit someone in the face with what one has in one's hands {CN}
ixtlahuitequi
44
to blind someone with dirt (thrown in the face) {CN}
ixtlaltemia
45
for someone who is wielding a weapon or fighting to jump to one side (see Molina) {CN}
ixtlapalcholoa
46
to destroy or ruin people or a country (nitla-); to provide clues to finding something (nitetla-) {CN}
ixtlatia
47
to knock someone hard in the face (transitive); or to hit oneself in the face (intransitive) {CN}
ixtlatzinia
48
```
a lance (see attestations)
(a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
```
lanza
49
hand sword of wood edged with obsidian (see Karttunen) {CN}
maccahuahuitl
50
wooden club with imbedded obsidian blades; a weapon; when this club is combined with iron, "sword" was meant {CN}
maccuahuitl
51
to armor a knight, to bestow honor, consecrate someone (see Molina) {CN}
mahuizmaca
52
a place where captives/slaves were kept (see Sahagiºn) {CN}
malcalli
53
to capture another person, to give the impression that one has captured the person who someone else captured(see Molina) {CN}
maltia
54
to extricate oneself (see Karttunen); to defend someone; or, to help bring to conciliation those who are in a conflict (see Molina) {CN}
manahuia
55
to defend oneself or to put up resistance (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
mapatla
56
to become single-handed, or to break ones hand or your arm; to make someone single-handed (see Molina) {CN}
mapoztequi
57
to fight, battle or to struggle with another (see Molina) {CN}
mayztlacoa
58
for people to contend or quarrel with one another (see Molina) {CN}
mixcuacua
59
to put merlons on a rampart or castle, to make a battlement (see Molina) {CN}
mixoyotlalia
60
for a people or a town to be destroyed/demolished; or, for a town to fall into ruin (see Molina) {CN}
mixtlatia
61
a fencer, one who fences (see Molina) {CN}
moyaomachtia
62
to defeat through trickery (see attestation)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 76–77.] {CN}
nahualpolihui
63
there is fighting {CN}
necalihua
64
enemy, enemies
| with knowledge, a condition of knowing {CN}
nemachpan
65
for people at odds to find agreement among themselves (see Molina) {CN}
neneuhcahuia
66
a general stoning or throwing at something (see Molina) {CN}
nepan motla
67
to cause friction among people, to stir them to rebellion (see Molina) {CN}
netechehua
68
the assembling of the seasoned warriors
[Fuente: Fray Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Primeros Memoriales, ed. Thelma D. Sullivan (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), 198.] {CN}
netequihuacatecoz
69
a fortress or hideout for soldiers (see Molina) {CN}
neyaotlatiloyan
70
an important name in the conquest of Mexico; e.g. Cristobal de Oi±ate can be found in the conquest accounts from Jalisco {CN}
Oi±ate
71
to waylay or spy on someone (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
pachihuia
72
to break through in a battle; or to penetrate a large group of people (see Molina) {CN}
petlaticalaqui
73
powder, dust; gunpowder
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
polvo
74
a long wooden weapon
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
porra
75
to place some kind of a poultice with everyday feathers and turpentine (?); or, to cover someone with feathers (see Molina) {CN}
potonia
76
to decapitate or cut someone's head (see Molina) {CN}
quechtequi
77
to complain, to make a legal complaint
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
quejar
78
quarrel
| (a loanword from Spanish) {CN}
querella
79
for a herd of sheep to go along very tightly grouped; or, for a military squad to go along closed and in good formation in battle (see Molina) {CN}
quipanocuitiuh
80
for a herd of sheep to go along very tightly grouped; or, for a military squad to go along closed and in good formation in battle (see Molina) {CN}
quitzacutiuh
81
to hate or abhor people
[Fuente: See Daniel Garrison Brinton, Ancient Nahuatl Poetry: Containing the Nahuatl Text of XXVII Ancient Mexican Poems (1877), 162, and James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written (2001), 232.] {CN}
tecocolia
82
a friend of everyone (see Molina); also a person's name (e.g. Miguel Teycniuh, a regidor of Mexico City, 1564, who was jailed over resistance to public tribute-labor) in the Anales de Juan Bautista
(ca. 1582, Mexico City)
[Fuente: Luis Reyes Garcia, ¿Como te confundes? ¿Acaso no somos conquistados? Anales de Juan Bautista (Mexico: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social, Biblioteca Lorenzo Boturini Insigne y Nacional Basilica de Guadalupe, 2001), 209.] {CN}
teicniuh
83
to make an outcry (see Karttunen) {CN}
tenhuitequi
84
people were conquered (see attestations from Sahagiºn) {CN}
tepehualoya
85
to provoke or incite strife or arguments; or, to conquer (see attestations) {CN}
tepehualtia
86
a coat of mail, or iron cuirass(es) (see Molina); literally, a metal blouse or shirt {CN}
tepozhuipilli
87
a stab, a stabbing, a slash, a slit, a knife wound, a stab wound (see Molina) {CN}
tepozhuitequiliztli
88
to shoot at someone with a bow and arrows (see Molina) {CN}
tepozmihuia
89
to stab someone with a lance (see Molina) {CN}
tepoztopilhuia
90
someone or something covered with metal; can refer to a person in chains, a man in armor, etc.
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 234.] {CN}
tepozzo
91
with many stabs from a sword or macquahuitl (see Molina) {CN}
tetepuz maccuahuiliztica
92
an indigenous ruler of Tlacopan (Tacuba, today); he, Quauhtemoc (of Mexico), and Coanacochtzin (of Tetzcoco) were captured by Spaniards and held in Coyoacan
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 188–189.] {CN}
Tetlepanquetzatzin
93
one valiant in war, warrior
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 235.] {CN}
tiacauh
94
to go over to the other side in war; in a Florentine Codex passage, to take on the appearance of the other side
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 235.] {CN}
tlacacuepa
95
war or battle (metaphor) (see Molina) {CN}
tlachinolli teoatl
96
the battlefield
(central Mexico, sixteenth century)
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 204.] {CN}
tlachinoltenpan
97
to curse, blaspheme; to insult someone, to quarrel with someone (see Karttunen) {CN}
tlacualquilia
98
to unbend a bow or a crossbow (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitolmecacopina
99
to bend a bow or a crossbow (for shooting arrows) (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitolmecayotia
100
to bend a bow without shooting the arrow or pellet/ball (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuitoloa
101
to disarm oneself or to disarm another person, get rid of weapons (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuizcopina
102
to go out on military parade; to display devices, coats of arms, emblems, insignia, in military fashion (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiznextia
103
to put down one's weapons (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiztlalia
104
to disarm; to put down one's arms/weapons; or to remove the arms, devices, or insignia from another person (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuiztoma
105
to get rid of one's weapons; to take weapons away from another (see Molina) {CN}
tlahuizxixinia
106
to depopulate and destroy the town with a pest or plague (see Molina) {CN}
tlalpolihui
107
to destroy or carry out a conquest against lands and peoples
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 237.] {CN}
tlalpoloa
108
to inspire the gathered people to rise up, to encourage them to riot (see Molina) {CN}
tlaltecuinaltia
109
a conqueror or a "pacifier" of lands and peoples (see Molina) {CN}
tlamach tlatlatlaliani
110
a label given to brave but wicked warriors who were furious in battle and who "only came paying the tribute of death" -- also called Otomi and quaquachictin
[Fuente: Fr. Bernardino de Sahagiºn, Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain; Book 6 -- Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy, No. 14, Part 7, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Charles E. Dibble (Santa Fe and Salt Lake City: School of American Research and the University of Utah, 1961), 110.] {CN}
tlaotonxinti
111
to throw stones, to stone something
[Fuente: Juan Buenaventura Zapata y Mendoza, Historia cronologica de la Noble Ciudad de Tlaxcala, transcripcion paleogri¡fica, traduccion, presentacion y notas por Luis Reyes Garcia y Andrea Martinez Baracs (Tlaxcala and Mexico City: Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala, Secretaria de Extension Universitaria y Difusion Cultural, y Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropologia Social, 1995), 482–483.] {CN}
tlatetehuia
112
by way of stoning, or stoning someone (see Molina) {CN}
tlatetepacholiztica
113
to prime the harquebus or Lombard (see Molina) {CN}
tlequiquiz xicco nictema tlequiquiztlalli
114
to cause trouble between others (see Karttunen) {CN}
tzalanhuia
115
indigenous ruler of Coatl Ichan at the time of the early Spanish conquest of Mexico
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 190–191.] {CN}
Xaquitzin
116
to destroy; to knock down; to tear down; to collapse {CN}
xitinia
117
to destroy, take apart, scatter
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
xixinia
118
flower war {CN}
xochiyaoyotl
119
to make someone black and blue by striking him/her; to make something green (see Molina) {CN}
xoxohuilia
120
to cut someone's nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacacocotona
121
someone who had their nose cut off (see Molina) {CN}
yacacuatic
122
to cut someone's nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacaichpeloa
123
to cut someone's nose (see Molina) {CN}
yacatequi
124
to cut someone's nose off (see Molina) {CN}
yacatlaza
125
to hit one's nose so that one has a nosebleed (see Karttunen) {CN}
yacaztemomolonia
126
to surround something; to surround one's enemies; or, to be the first to complain about others; to go in procession; to go many times around something (see Molina) {CN}
yahualoa
127
to encircle the enemy (see Molina) {CN}
yahualotimoteca
128
to capture in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoana
129
to withdraw in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoc niloti
130
to battle, or fight fiercely in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoc nitlayecoa
131
to withdraw in war (see Molina; the example is in the first person) {CN}
yaoc nitzinquiza
132
to provide the necessary strength (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalcencahua
133
to fortify and repair a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalchicahua
134
to fortify and repair a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocallapaltilia
135
a tribute or promise made by the guard of a fortress (see Molina) {CN}
yaocalpializnetolli
136
to arm another for war; to arm oneself for a war (see Molina and Karttunen) {CN}
yaochichihua
137
to make war on
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
yaochihua
138
war making (see attestations) {CN}
yaochihualiztli
139
to be skilled and knowledgeable in matters of war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoimati
140
to practice or rehearse the use of weapons for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaomachtia
141
to practice or rehearse the use of weapons for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaomamachtia
142
to declare war on others (see Molina) {CN}
yaomana
143
to meet someone in battle (see Karttunen) {CN}
yaonamiqui
144
to call for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaonotza
145
a manly act of war
[Fuente: Robert Haskett and Stephanie Wood's notes from Nahuatl sessions with James Lockhart and subsequent research.] {CN}
yaooquichtiliztli
146
to be garrison people for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaopalehuia
147
in war (see Karttunen); to the wars (see Sahagiºn) {CN}
yaopan
148
to go to war
[Fuente: James Lockhart, Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts (Stanford: Stanford University Press and UCLA Latin American Studies, 2001), 241.] {CN}
yaoquiza
149
to captain in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoquizcayacana
150
warriors (see attestations) {CN}
yaotiacahuan
151
to make war on others (see Molina) {CN}
yaotla
152
overlook and observe from a watchtower the sentry in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlachia
153
a call to arms, a declaration of war
(central Mexico, early seventeenth century)
[Fuente: Codex Chimalpahin: Society and Politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Culhuacan, and Other Nahuatl Altepetl in Central Mexico; The Nahuatl and Spanish Annals and Accounts Collected and Recorded by don Domingo de San Anton Mui±on Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, eds. and transl. Arthur J. O. Anderson and Susan Schroeder (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997), vol. 2, 186–187.] {CN}
yaotlahtolli
154
to issue a warning to others to prepare for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlalhuia
155
to be ready to attack the enemy, or to get in a good position (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlalia
156
to overlook and observe the country or seacoast from a watchtower (see Molina); to guard, to stand guard (see Chimalpahin) {CN}
yaotlapia
157
a watchtower or lookout point for defense in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotlapialoyan
158
to warn others to prepare for an attack in war (see Molina; see also tlatalhuia) {CN}
yaotlatalhuia
159
to assemble troops for war (see Molina) {CN}
yaotzatzilia
160
to fence or encircle the enemies in war (see Molina) {CN}
yaoyahualoa
161
through warfare {CN}
yaoyotica
162
to fence-in or encircle the enemy (see Molina) {CN}
yayahualoa
163
to skirmish with each other (see Molina) {CN}
yayaotla
164
to settle pacifically, speaking of those who were in an argument or involved in a lawsuit (see Molina) {CN}
yecnonotza
