Europe & Western Asia/Bede Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
The year ___ A.D. marks the official end of the Roman Empire
A
476
2
Q
As the Roman Empire disintegrated the two main agents of continuity were the Eastern Roman (or ___) Empire and the ___.
A
Bysantine, Christian
3
Q
The Byzantine Empire lasted until the year ___.
A
1453
4
Q
The agents of change were the ___ groups that were migrating - as they encountered Roman and Byzantine culture they became ___.
A
barbarian, Christian
5
Q
Byzantium passed the heritage of the ___ civilization on to later cultures.
A
Greco-Roman
6
Q
Constantinople was able to withstand repeated invasions, first because of strong ___ leadership and second, the city’s ___ and excellent fortifications.
A
military, location
7
Q
Because Constantinople survived the ___ Empire survived, though reduced in territory.
A
Byzantine
8
Q
For several centuries the Sassanid Empire of ___ was Byzantium’s most regular foe.
A
Persia
9
Q
The Sassanid Empire benefited from a lucrative caravan trade that was linked to the __ Road and ___.
A
Silk, China
10
Q
___ was the official state religion of the Sassanid Epire and adherents to other religions sometimes faced discrimination.
A
Zoroastrianism
11
Q
The Byzantines crushed the ___ in a series of battles ending in 627 A.D., and by 651 the Sassanid dynasty collapsed.
A
Persians
12
Q
Justinian ordered reform and organization of Roman law, and the result was three works which became the back bone of the corpus juris civilis, the ___ ___, which serves as the foundation of law for most European nations.
A
Justinian’s Code
13
Q
We know that Byzantine intellectual Life was sophisticated because among member of the large reading public, ___ was a favorite subject.
A
history
14
Q
By the seventh century Constantinople was the greatest city in the ___ world” and may have been the 3rd largest city in the world.
A
Christian
15
Q
The word byzantine is sometimes used to mean extremely entangled and complicated ___
A
politics
16
Q
As the Western Roman Empire disintegrated the Christian Church survived and grew and became the most important ___ in Europe
A
institution
17
Q
The church adopted the geographical units of the Roman Empire called ___ where each was headed by a ___.
A
dioceses, bishop
18
Q
The center of the bishop’s authority was his ___.
A
Cathedral
19
Q
Ambrose of ___ was one of the “fathers of the ___”, who were recognized as having authority second only to the Bivle.
A
Milan, church
20
Q
In 380, the emperor ___ made Christianity the ___ religion of the empire.
A
Theodosius, official
21
Q
___ - a schism that was handled by Constantine in 325 A. D. as the ___ Creed attempted to define the nature of Christ.
A
Arianism, Niceen
22
Q
Belief that contradicted the interpretation of church leaders was called ___, while what the church leaders defined as correct was known as ___.
A
heresy, orthodoxy
23
Q
As the bishops of Rome asserted their authority and understanding known as ___ Doctrine - used to claim that the bishop of Rome should be viewed as the ___ - from the Latin for pap.
A
Petrine, Pope
24
Q
The Christian Church headed by the pope in Rome was generally called the ___ Church.
A
Roman
25
Later the Roman Church would be known as the Roman ___ Church, with catholic meaning general, ___, or worldwide.
Catholic, universal
26
The lack of any real political unity in the West opened the door for popes from Rome to assert secular ___ as well as religious authority and nongovernmental ___ in world history.
authority, institution
27
In the East Rome's claims were not accepted and gradually the Eastern ___ Church began to diverge from the Western church headquartered in Rome, Italy.
Orthodox
28
Although Christianity originated as a city religion, some pious Christians came to believe that a life of ___ was a better way to show their devotion to Christ's teachings.
ascetiscism
29
The first individuals who believed in a life of asceticism were known as ___ or ___ and this form of monasticism was known as ___ monasticism,
hermits, monks, eremitical
30
Monks decided to live together and ___ communities developed
monastic
31
In 529, ___ of Nursia wrote a set of "regulations" for the monks who had gathered around him at ___, known as the ___ (from the Latin Regula)
Benedict, Monte Cassino, Rule
32
The rule of Saint ___ has influenced all forms of organized religious life in the roman church, including Sacred Heart Monastery and Mount Marty College
Benedict
33
In a Benedictine monastery the monastic life included prayer and manual ___.
labor
34
Benedict's twin sister ___ adopted his Regula for the use of her community.
Scholastica
35
Benedictines conducted ___ for local young people.
schools
36
Some Benedictines copied ___ and wrote ___.
manuscripts, books
37
Over the centuries Benedictines ___ and educated ___ Europe, and Bishop Martin Marty viewed himself in this role as as he brought Catholicism to ___ Territory.
Christianized, Western, Dakota
38
The most influential church father in the west was Saint ___ of Hippo.
Augustine
39
While the Greeks and Romans taught that knowledge would lead to ___, Augustine argued that "original ___" had corrupted human will.
virtue, sin
40
In Augustine's scheme God restores the strength of the will through ___ which is transmitted in certain rituals that the church defined as ___/.
grace, sacraments
41
The ___ disagreed with the veneration of icons and favored their destruction, which they viewed as a form of ___.
Iconoclasts, idolotry
42
The dispute on the veneration of icons created the ___ controversy which caused the Byzantine Empire and the Roman ___ to sever relations.
iconoclastic, papacy
43
Iconoclasm antagonized the pope and served to encourage him in his quest for an alliance with the ___monarchy.
Frankish
44
IN 1054 the bishop of Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople excommunicated each other, creating a ___ or split that continues today as we have the Roman ___ and Eastern ___ Churches.
schism, Catholic, Orthodox
45
Throughout barbarian Europe, the religion of the ___ or ___ determined the religion of the people.
Chieftain, King
46
Tradition identifies the conversion of Ireland with Saint ___ and the conversion of England began in the year ___.
Patrick, 597
47
Britain later served as the base for the ___ of the European continent.
Christianization
48
The conversion of Europeans to Christianity was a gradual one and the text says that missionaries and priests got the masses to understand the Christian relgion through preaching, assimilation of pagan ___, the ritual of ___ and veneration of ___.
customs, penance, saints
49
Parish churches often housed saints' relics, that is bones and articles of ___, or other objects associated with them. The relics served as ___between the ___ world and the ___, and miracle stories about saints and their ___ were an important part of Christian preaching and writing.
clothing, links, material, spiritual, relics
50
One barbarian kingdom that came to have a decisive role in history was that of the ___.
Franks
51
Clovis' conversion to Christianity won him support of the papacy and the bishops of ___.
Gaul
52
As wars raged this era was often called the ___ Ages.
Dark
53
A powerful family known as the ___ replaced the Merovingians
Carolingians
54
In 732 A.D., a Carolingian named Charles ___ defeated ___ invaders at the Battle of Poitiers.
Martel, Muslim
55
Martel and his soldiers used new technology (___) and new weapons (___) to defeat the Muslim invasions which did keep the religion of Islam from spreading deeper into Europe
stirrups, lances
56
The most powerful of the Carolingian rulers was ___.
Charlemagne
57
On Christmas Day in the year 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne ___
emperor
58
In taking as his motto, "Revival of the ___ Empire", he was deliberately perpetuating the old ___imperial ideas while identifying with the new Rome of the ___Church. This marked the decisive break between Rome and ___.
Roman, Roman, Christian, Constantinople
59
The alliance between the Frankish Monarch and the Roman Papacy, marks the first time that a sense of ___ and ___ unity emerges in western Europe.
Religious, Political
60
Although Charlemagne was ore of a warrior than a thinker, he set in motion a cultural revival later called the Carolingian ___ which was a rebirth of interest in the achievements of classical ___ and ___. He has become a symbol of European ___ in the 21st century.
Renaissance, Greece, Rome, unity
61
Thomas Jefferson was a proponent of ___ History Lesson
Conventional
62
Identifying factors of conventional history
* where the eras of western history get there names
| * Greeks and Romans on pedeswtals
63
According to conventional history the Greeks were praised for
* philosophy
* Tragedies
* Parthenon
64
According to convention history, the Romans were praised for
* Practical Arts - Roads, etc
| * Pantheon
65
Under The Revised history Lesson the Roman & Greeks were criticized for
* slavery
* infanticide
* warfare
* subordination of women
66
The middles ages were ___ and ___ source of the structures of the modern, western world.
dynamic, creative
67
While the Enlightenment of the Conventional History Lesson was key to the modern emphasis on ___, it did not "discover" them.
human rights
68
The ___ is a derogatory term to refer to a long period of stagnation
middle ages
69
The middle ages were ___ by the ___, despots, and monarchs.
dominated, church
70
The ___ identifies basic human rights such as (2 points)
Magna Carta
* Trial by Jury
* Taxation only by consent
71
Bede lived from 672 to 735, in a northern region of England known as ___.
Northumbria
72
Bede at the age of ___ was taken to the monastery at Wearmouth, and soon after he moved to the monastery at ___, where , at the age of 49 became a ___ and at the age of ___ he was ordained as a priest
7, Jarrow, deacon, 30
73
Jarrow was attacked by the Danes in the ___ century but the ruins remain.
9th
74
In 597 A.D., Saint ___ brought "Latin" Christianity to England. Bede excelled at the Latin language during the ___ Ages, a testimony to the impact that the Roman Empire and Christianity had on the formation of Europe.
Augustine, Dark
75
Monks such as Bede, from the ___ Order of monasticism dedicated themselves to the copying of various ___.
Benedictine, manuscripts
76
While Bede lived at Jarrow, at least ___ copies of the Bible were made, and Bede may have worked on some of these manuscripts which still exist today.
3
77
The library at Jarrow contained somewhere between ___ and ___ books, all of which were copied by hand.
300, 500
78
Bede tells us that his sources included (3) things
* ancient documents
* traditions of the elders
* his own knowledge
79
The majority of Bede's scholarship was devoted to interpretation of the ___, but he is most well remembered for being a ___.
Bible, historian
80
A ___ century manuscript from Durham makes reference to Bede.
12th
81
Bede is best remembered for writing an Ecclesiastical History of the ___ Speaking People, which was complete in 731, when he was around ___ years old.
English, 59
82
Bede was the first to date events from the time of ___ (A.D.) and he was the first scholar to use this method of dating.
Christ
83
Bede's approach to dating supported a ___ interpretation of history, claiming that God had entered human history via the ___ relationship with Abraham and Moses, continuing on to the ___ with the culmination of history being the Second___ of Christ.
linear, covenant, incarnation, coming
84
Bede had a ___motivation for writing history, hoping that subsequent generations would learn from the mistakes and achievements of previous generation
moralistic
85
By the ___ century, Bede was recognized as the ___ Bede, and in 1899 Pope ___XIII canonized Bede as the only English ___.
9th, Venerable Leo, Doctor of the Church
86
The word venerable means:
Worthy of respect by reason of age, dignity or position
87
Just before his death, Bede translated the Gospel of ___ from Latin into Anglo Saxon, the ___ language of his place and time.
John, venacular
88
Bede mush have believed that the Bible should be made accessible to ___ - not just scholars who understood Latin.
Everyone
89
Saint ___ was born in Italy in 480 AD, just as the Roman Empire was disintegrating .
Benedict
90
In 529, Benedict wrote a set of "regulations" for the monk at ___
Monte Cassino.
91
The Latin word for rule is "___" and the Rule of Saint Benedict should be considered more as a guide to a balanced way of life than a set of rules that have to be obeyed.
regula
92
When Benedict was in desperate need of food, a ___ brought him bread.
Raven
93
An attempt to assassinate Benedict was thwarted when___
the cup of poison cracked
94
Benedict had a twin sister named ___
Scholastica
95
The rule of Saint Benedict has been followed by men and women for nearly ___ centuries.
15
96
Benedictine monasteries became economically self-sufficient and the copying of ___ was one of their major contributions to the Christianization and education of ___ Society in the middle ages.
manuscripts, European
97
Hildegard of ___ was a famous medieval mystic and an accomplished musician.
Berger
98
Benedictine ___are still studied by modern-day architect.
Monasteries
99
The Saint ___Bible is a 21st century version of a hand-written Bible.
John's
100
Bishop Martin ___ (1834-1896) brought Catholicism to Dakota Territory, hoping to convert Native Americans. He is commemorated with a statue in ___, South Dakota.
Marty, Marty
101
Today Bishop Marty is remembered as the ___.
Apostle of the Sioux Indians.
102
Bishop Marty invited a community of Benedictine sisters to Yankton and the end result is ___.
Sacred Heart Monastery
103
Bishop Marty convinced ___ to be baptized into the Catholic Christian faith.
Sitting Bull
104
Bishop Marty was later named ___ was Sioux Falls
Bishop
105
A primary Benedictine motto is "Ora et labora", which means___.
Prayer and Work
106
Bishop Marty Chapel is and example of ___ architecture, built in the late 1940s and early 1950s with sandstone from ___ Near Saint ___, Bishop Marty's first monastic community in the U.S.
modified Gothic
Indiana
Meinrad
107
Gothic architecture was designed to focus a worshippers attention toward the ___ realm.
heavenly
108
The window along the top of Bishop Marty Chapel depict angels summoning Christians to worship with ___ and ___.
trumpets and insense
109
The windows in the choir depict Martin Mary bringing the Gospel to ___ in the year ___ and inviting Benedictine Sisters to establish a monastery.
Native Americans, 1889
110
The Benedictine Sisters are depicted as ___ -- under the direction of Mother Jerome ___, they established Mount Marty college.
teachers and nurses, Schmidt
