Greeks/Athens Flashcards by Alexandra Suriani

The ancient Greek developed a culture that shaped the ___ part Eurasia/

Western

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The Greeks used logic and empirical ___ to develop ways of understanding the world around them that grew into modern ___ and ___.

Philosophy, Science

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During the Hellenic period they developed a distinctive form of city-state known as the ___.

polis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macedonian and Greek armies defeated the ___ Empire and spread Greek ideas as far as ___.

Persian, India

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The southern peninsula of Greece is called the ___ and this peninsula and the islands that surround it are part of the ___ basin.

Peloponnese, Aegean

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The ___ fragmentation of Greece encouraged ___ fragmentation.

geographical, political

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

On the large island of ___, the largest settlement was located at ___.

Crete;Southern Aegean Sea/Greece

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The civilization on the largest island in Greece was named ___ after the mythical king of Crete,____.

Minoan, Minos

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

By 1650 BCE, a powerful kingdom was formed in the Peloponnese that established cities at ___, ___ and ___.
The archaeologists called this culture ___

Thebes, Athens An Mycenae

Mycenaean

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Around 1450 BCE, the Mycenaean attacked ___ and eventually wars destroyed Minoan and Mycenaean cultures.

Crete

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Around the “Dark Ages” of Greece two epic poems, the ___ and ___ were written and attributed to _________.

Iliad, Odyssey, Homer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

During the Archaic Age, the most important change in this period was the development of the ___ a word generally translated as ___

polis, city-state

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

___ was a new type of political structure, and two distinctive types of government emerged in ___ and ___.

Polis, Athens, Sparta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In what sense was the polis more than a political institution and how did its small size impact the Greeks?

1) Community of citizens with their own customs and laws
2) Smallness enabled Greeks to see how they fit individually into the overall system
3) Individual parts made up the social whole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Elevated area where the people erected temples, altars, public monuments and various dedications to the gods of the polis.

Acropolis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Public square or market place where there were porticoes, shops, public buildings, and courts.

Agora

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heavily armed citizens who served as infantrymen and fought to defend the polis

Hoplites

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Democracy translates as “the power of the ___” but in the Greek city-states it was actually rule by ___, not the people as a whole.

people, citizens

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Women were ___ for religious and reproductive purposes, but it did not give them the right to participate in ___. This was by no means a modern democracy and the Greeks did not believe that all people are created___.

citizens, government, equal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oligarchy literally means “the rule of the ___,” and was government by a small group of wealthy citizens.

few

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An increase in population created more demand for ___ than the land could supply, so adventurous Greeks sailed perhaps as far away as the ___ Islands.

food, Canary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Colonization changed the entire Greek ___ both home and abroad.

World

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sparta became the leading ___ power in Greece.

millitary

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Sparta every citizen owed primary allegiance to ___.

Sparta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Sparta, military training for males started at age ___ and most men were life-long ___.

7, soldiers

Sparta mothers told their sons that went to war to either come back ___ carrying the shield, or ___ carried on it.

victorious, dead

Instead of creating a state devoted to the ___, the Athenians created a state that became a ___.

military, democracy

In Athens, an aristocrat named Draco published a harsh law code, and today we label any harsh measures as ___.

Draconian

Athenian democracy functioned on the ideal that all full ___ should play a role in the government (this excluded women and slaves), but was open to all ___ citizens over eighteen years of age.

citizens, male

Between 500 and 338 BCE Greek civilization reached its peak as it beat back the armies of the ___ Empire, but then self-destructed during the ___ War.

Persian, Peloponnesian

The Greeks defeated the Persians at the Battle of ___ and a runner delivered the news of the victory from the battlefield to Athens.

Marathon

The Persians occupied Athens before the Greeks defeated their navy in the decisive Battle of ___

Salamis

After defeating the Persians, the Athenians formed the ___League which they turned into an Athenian ___. ___ was the political leader of Athens at this time.

Delian, Empire, Pericles

For the next generation Athens and Sparta engaged in conflict known as the ___ War, which ended in the defeat of Athenian imperialism.

Peloponnesian

A historian named ___ wrote about the Persian Wars and a historian named ___ wrote about the Peloponnese Ware which he described as a __ day that would bring great evil to the Greeks.

Herodotus, Thucydides, day

Pericles turned Athens into the ___ of Greece.

showplace

Pericles created a building program for the Acropolis of Athens which was crowned by a temple known as the ___ which featured a huge statue of ___.

Parthenon, Athena

Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides are considered great writers of Greek ___.

Tragedies

Athenians ate what is now called the ___ Diet, slavery was ___, women rarely played notable roles in public ___,

Mediterranean, commonplace, affaris

Same-sex relations were common in all of ancient Greece, women were generally seen as ___ to men, and the word ___ is Greek in origin.

inferior, lesbian

While the Greeks had myths and epics, some began to question and "sought ___ rather than ___ explanations for natural phenomena.'

rational, supernatural

The Pre-Socratics began an intellectual revolution that flourishes today, creating ___ and ___.

philosophy, science

Describe contributions of Socrates

ethics, Socratic irony, Socratic method

Describe contributions of Plato

student of Socrates, philosophy, mathematics and science

Describe the contributions of Aristotle

contributed to almost every aspect of human knowledge

How does Aristotle justify slavery and what does he say about the relationship between men an women

The inferior need masters to guide and help them; it was the natural order of the universe

Aristotle wrote the ___ is a women's glory

silence

Commenting on the influence of the Greeks, a British poet once remarked "___."

We are all Greeks

The Greeks are the first ___ civilization that we have encountered in this course, and so it is common for us to ___ the Greeks and the city of Athens as the cornerstone of ___.

European, idolize, democracy

In Washington, DC we have coped Greek architectural forms because we want to believe that they encouraged ___, ___, and freedom of ___.

liberty, democracy, speech

Historian Betanny Hughes refers to all of this as a ___ interpretation that has more to do with ___ than reality.

white-washed, fantasy

While Greeks achieved greatness on a grand scale, their society also featured:

1) Slavery 2) infanticide 3) imperialism which resulted in the Peloponnese civil wars => intolerance

Around 500 BCE ___ Empires dominated with ___ as the world's first superpower, while the Greeks lived in ___, such as __, __, ___.

Asian, Persia, city-sate; Athens, Sparta, Thebes

Athens was dominated by the ___, with the ___ below, which served as the market places.

acropolis, agora

Evidence of human life in Athens goes back ___ years

5000

The Greeks ___ with the wider Mediterranean world, and colonized islands off the coast of present-day ___.

connected, Asia

In Athens the word ___ was used to refer to those who abused political power.

Tyrants

Tyrants were thrown out of power by giving power to the ___, and so the first ___ was created.

mob, democracy

In Greek, demos means ___ and kpatos means ___.

demos, rule

The Greek democracy was ___ rather than a representative democracy, with all free ___ casting votes

direct, men

Aristotle would later say that democracy would only work in a setting in which ___ man can shout and be heard by ___

one, everyone

In Athens, ___ made up ___ of the population.

slaves, 1/3

The combinations of non-voters included all slaves and ___ and there was also and age restriction.

women

SO ___% of those living in Athens could vote.

Women were considered ___ and required to wear ___.

demonic, veils

On average, ___ men met to make all decisions.

6000

The English translation of the Greek word for those who had political power and did not us it ___. In Greek the word for "politician" is ___.

Idiot, Orartor

The Greeks managed to defeat the Persians in the Battle of ___, but an orator names ___ now advised that Athens must command the ___, because the Persians would return

Marathon, Themistocles, seas

Over ___ ships were built, and each needed ___ oarsmen.,

200, 170

The creation of the fleet shifted political power to the ___people of Athens

poorest

The sacred oracle of ___ was located 100 miles northwest of Athens in ___.

Apollo, Delphi

When asked what strategy should be used to defeat the Persians, the priestess made a reference to __ walls, which was interpreted to mean the ___.

wooden, navy

IN 480 BCE, the Athenians evacuated to the island of ___, and the Persians Army sacked ___ and burned the temple on the ___.

Salamis, Athens, acropolis

The Athenians lured the Persian fleet into the ___ of Salamis, where they were outnumbered ___ to the Persian ships

strait, 2 -1

The Athenians won the Battle of ___ and the ___ wars.

Salamis, Persian

Victory in the Persian wars became the underpinning of Athenian democracy, in this initial victory of western ___ over ___ tyranny. A line had been established between ___ and ___ and it still exists today.

democracy, eastern, west, east

The ___ League of Greek allies versus Persia was in formation but the Athenians soon dominated and engaged in "Democratic ___."

Delian, imperialism

The need fir staple foods made from ___ and ___ drove Athenian imperialism, as evidenced by their conquest of the island known as ___.

wheat, barley, Eubeoa

___ was now the dominant orator in Athens.

Pericles

The Greek historian ___ wrote that "Athens is in name a democracy, but it is actually under the rule of ___ man."

Thucydides, one

In 447 BCE, Pericles determined that surplus funds should be used to build the ___, which turned into a ___ year building project, engaging ___ workers. The current restoration effort will take ___ years.

Parthenon, 15, 200, 40

While we like to think of the Parthenon as a temple, it was used more like a ___. Critics of the Parthenon project noted that its extravagance would anger Athenian allies, but Pericles argued that the Parthenon would bring ___ to Athens for all time.

bank, glory

By 432 BCE, a totalitarian city-state called ___ went to war to liberate the rest of Greece from Athenian imperialism.

Sparta

What we like to call the Golden Age of Greece was really the Age of ___.

Blood

In a famous funeral oration recorded by Thucydides, ___ referred to Athens as the ___ of all Greece.

Pericles, school

In Civil War America, it was common for supporters of the Union to argue that as the Athenians fought off the Persians and preserved democracy, so the union was fighting the ___, in a 19th century effort to preserve democracy.

confederacy

Despite the hyperbole used by Pericles, Athenian democracy was beginning to ___.

fracture

The Greeks were pushing the self-destruct button,, as the ___ Wars would weaken the Greeks, and pave the way for domination by ___.

Peloponnesian, Macedonians

Pericles was prepared to spend the modern day equivalent of one ___ dollars to build the Parthenon.

billion

It would become the largest building ever constructed entirely of marble and it tool ___ tons of marble and ___ years to build.

20K, 15

Inside the Parthenon, Athenians would have been impressed by the __ foot high statue of ___ which was subsequently dismantled.

40, Athena

The Parthenon had ___ pillars and is the most copied building in the history of architecture

The Lincoln Memorial has __ pillars - one for each ___ in the ___ at the time of his presidency.

The Parthenon Frieze was ___ feet long and it surround the inner wall. It was designed as a celebration of Athenians at the height of the glory they had garnered by defeating the ___.

500, Persians

The Persians were viewed as the ___ of democracy.

first enemies

The ancient civilizations may have believed that there were ___ standards of beauty that could be achieved through the use of mathematics and proportion, with the human body as the symbol of ____.

objective, perfection

The notion of the human body symbolizing perfection was later referred to by a Roman architect named____.

Vitruvius

__________ was the artist of the 'Vitruvian Man'

Leonardo deVince

Socrates was no interested in nature, and turned his attention to the life of the ___.

mind

A revolution in thinking had started in ___ where the first astronomers speculated about the heavens .

Babylon

The documentary suggests that the Greeks took the gods out of heaven and replaced them with ___.

reason

The Greeks argued that the universe is ___, and the human mind could understand the universe with the use of ___.

orderly, reason

The Greek word for World

Cosmos

The Greeks would go on to make major contributions to ___, ___, and ___, with ___ as an early Greek thinker

science, math and logic, Socrates

Socrates now claimed it was time to apply reason and logic to the study of ___.

man

Socrates was not a writer, so we know about him because of his most famous pupil, ___.

Plato

The most famous quote attributed to Socrates

The unexamined life it not worth living

While Socrates was alive the Greeks had descended into a civil conflict known as the ___ Wars, during which ___ invaded and defeated Athens.

Peloponnesian Sparta

____ of Athenians died from plague including ___

1/3, Pericles

Socrates is revered as a hero because he was a person of ___ rather than a warrior.

Conviction

Athenians realized imperialism had gone too far, Plato explored the ___ society.

Ideal

Aristotle "founded" ___ and zoology and Greek ideas slowly spread across the known world in an empire of ___.

Biology, thought

The British Poet Shelley would eventually proclaim:

"We are all Greek"

Greeks/Athens Flashcards

(113 cards)