Evolution

Question 1

natural disasters are believed to be responsible for mass extinctions and formations of landforms (earthquakes)

Answer 1

Catastrophism

Question 2

changes on earth occured by small steps over a long period of time (Ex. grand canyon)

Answer 2

Gradualism

Question 3

geologic processes that change earth are uniform through time

Answer 3

Uniformitarianism

Question 4

physical adaptations

Answer 4

Anatomical Adaptations

Question 5

body function adpatations

Answer 5

Physiological Adaptations

Question 6

behavior adaptations

Answer 6

Behavioral Adaptations

Question 7

survival of the fittest

Answer 7

Natural Selection

Question 8

older rock layers lie beneath younger rock layers

Answer 8

Law of Superposition

Question 9

many species have common physical features of structures

Answer 9

Comparative Anatomy

Question 10

have a similar structure but NOT necessarily a similar function in different organisms

Answer 10

Homologous Structures

Question 11

reduced in size that are just vestiges of homologous organs

Answer 11

Vestigial Structures

Question 12

body parts with that have similar function but not a similar structure

Answer 12

Analogous Structures

Question 13

study of evolutionary relationships among organisms

Answer 13

Phylogeny

Question 14

diagram used to show evolutionary relationships

Answer 14

caldogram

Question 15

increases that chance that some individuals will survive

Answer 15

Genetic Diversity

Question 16

random change in the DNA of a gene

Answer 16

Mutation

Question 17

forms new combination of alleles

Answer 17

Recombination

Question 18

the crossing of two different species

Answer 18

Hybridization

Question 19

Age of the Earth

Answer 19

4.6 billion

Question 20

the solar system was formed from a cloud of dust and gas that was pulled by gravity

Answer 20

Nebula Hypothesis

Question 21

designed an experiment that simulated the conditions of early Earth, showed that organic molecules can be made by inorganic molecules

Answer 21

Miller - Urey experiment

Question 22

suggests that organic molecules may have arrived from meteorites when Earth was formed

Answer 22

Meteorite Hypothesis

Question 23

humans select among the naturally occurring genetic variations

Answer 23

Artificial Selection

Question 24

selection that favors one extreme

Answer 24

Directional Selection

Question 25

selection that favors the intermediate phenotype

Answer 25

Stabilizing Selection

Question 26

movement of alleles between populations

Answer 26

Gene flow

Question 27

change in allele frequencies due to chance

Answer 27

Genetic Drift

Question 28

males display certain traits to females

Answer 28

intersexual selection

Question 29

competition among males

Answer 29

intrasexual

Question 30

formation of a new species

Answer 30

Speciation

Question 31

ex. differences in courtship rituals

Answer 31

Behavioral Isolation

Question 32

ex. barriers such as rivers

Answer 32

Geographic Isolation

Question 33

ex. different reproductive cycles

Answer 33

Temporal Isolation

Question 34

unrelated species come to resemble each other

Answer 34

Convergent Evolution

Question 35

different traits in closely related species

Answer 35

Divergent Evolution

Question 36

two or more traits can evolve together

Answer 36

Co evolution

Question 37

long stable periods of little or no change are interrupted by brief rapid periods of change

Answer 37

Punctuated Equilibrium