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Anatomy and Physiology II > Exam 1: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Exam 1: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary
visceral subdivision
integrated with endocrine system
gets input from hypothalamus and cerebellum

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2
Q

divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic: response to stressors
parasympathetic: controls homeostatic responses at rest

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3
Q

things involved in parasympathetic division

A
  • constricted pupils
  • stimulate saliva
  • constrict bronchi-brings to relaxed state
  • dec HR
  • GI tract - relaxed to digest food
  • stimulates urination
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4
Q

things involved in sympathetic division

A
  • dilate pupils - more alert, focused
  • inhibit saliva production
  • dilate bronchi - more airflow for running and flighting
  • inc HR
  • adrenal gland for epinephrine and norepinephrine
  • glucose release
  • inhibits stomach, intestines, pancreas - some gastric upset
  • inhibits urination - sometimes pee bc of pressure out on bladder if full
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5
Q

Nerves in ANS

A
  • always 2 neurons
    preganglionic neuron comes in myelinated, quick, all using Ach
    postganglionic neuron not myelinated, slower
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6
Q

if postganglionic and parasympathetic - what neurotransmitter
what about sympathetic??

A

parasympathetic: acetylcholine
sympathetic: norepinephrine

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7
Q

what is the sympathetic division known as and why?

A

thoracolumbar

preganglionic cell bodies are located in the lateral horn of T1-L2

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8
Q

3 types of ganglia in thoracolumbar division

A

chain
collateral
suprarenal

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9
Q

paired ganglia that are located near and run parallel to the vertebrae
control body wall, limbs, and viscera ABOVE the diaphragm
NOT innervated by cervical nerves

A

chain ganglia

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10
Q

stellate ganglion

A

most

ones that stay inferior combined with T1

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11
Q

control viscera BELOW diaphragm
preganglionic neurons pass through chain without synapsing
celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric
travel down from thoracic and go out

A

collateral ganglia

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12
Q

central region of the adrenal gland, midline
modified sympathetic nervous tissue
preganglionic neuron passes through chain without synapsing

A

suprarenal ganglia

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13
Q

celiac collateral ganglia

A

T5-T9 forms greater splanchnic nerve that supplies ganglia

innervates: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas (not beta cells)
pass through for suprarenal

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14
Q

splanchnic

A

viscera

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15
Q

superior mesenteric collateral ganglia

A

T10-T11 forming lesser splanchnic nerve that supplies ganglia

innervates: small intestine and initial part of large intestine

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16
Q

inferior mesenteric collateral ganglia

A

T12-L2 forms lumbar splanchnic nerve that supplies ganglia

innervates: rest of large intestine, rectum, kidneys
bladder and sex organs (but crossover) - little chain sacral splanchnic
-sacral-sympathetic
pelvic-parasympathetic

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17
Q

what does the preganglionic neuron communicate with

A

sympathetic trunk

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18
Q

what is the parasympathetic division also known as and why?

A

craniosacral

preganglionic cell bodies part of 4 cranial nerves (oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus)

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19
Q

oculomotor

A

cranial nerve 3
- intrinsic eye movements, iris constriction, most extrinsic not superior oblique(trochlear) or lateral rectus (abducens)

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20
Q

facial nerve

A

cranial nerve 7

- salivation

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21
Q

glossopharyngeal

A

cranial nerve9

salivation

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22
Q

vagus nerve

A

branch to sensory function of ear in eardrum
cranial nerve 10
goes to heart, bronchi, digestive system

23
Q

pelvic splanchnic

A

parasympathetic
most urogenital
visceral

24
Q

2 types of ganglia in craniosacral

A

no chain ganglia!!

terminal and intramural

25
terminal vs intramural ganglia
terminal: synapse near, but outside of target organ intramural: synapses IN the target organ - synapses with postganglionic neuron
26
4 types of terminal ganglia
ciliary pterygopalantine submandibular otic
27
innervated by fiber tracts from the oculomotor nerve for intrinsic eye movement these bodies are in the eye neopoint accommodation
ciliary terminal ganglia
28
innervated by a branch of the facial nerve for lacrimal and nasal mucosa secretions
pterygopalantine terminal ganglia
29
innervated by a branch of the facial nerve for sublingual and submandibular gland secretions salivation
submandibular terminal ganglia
30
innervated by fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve for parotid gland secretions largest salivary gland
otic terminal ganglia
31
the majority of parasympathetic ganglia are _____
intramural ganglia
32
where does the vagus nerve provide innervation to
organs of thorax and viscera in the abdomen
33
what innervation is carried out by ganglia of the sacral region?
lower portion of colon, rectum, urogenital
34
autonomic nerve plexuses are involved in_____
dual innervation of an organ with both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions - work together
35
what are the 8 autonomic nerve plexuses and which are above the diaphragm?
cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal (above diaphragm) ``` celiac/solar plexus superior plexus inferior mesenteric renal hypogastric ```
36
cardiac plexus
Parasympathetic fibers: of vagus nerve, dec HR, coronary vessels constrict, relaxed diameter Sympathetic fibers: from T1-T4 (T5) - inc rate and force , inc diameter of coronary blood vessels - more strength in action potential
37
where is the cardiac plexus?
- 2 interconnected regions : superficial and deep | left side of heart gives superficial, right side is deep between heart and trachea
38
How can the heart get more blood flow not controlled by the plexus?
- if not enough O2 the heart releases adenosine - relaxes blood vessels, local arterioles - arterioles relax to get more blood flow if hypoxic situation the heart puts this out as emergency signal - should work unless you have a blocked artery
39
pulmonary plexus
parasympathetic fibers: of vagus: constrict the bronchi sympathetic fibers: from T1-T4: dilate bronchi heart rate inc and dilate bronchi (lungs and heart interconnected) plexus goes laterally around each bronchi - sensory and motor fibers between cardiac and esophageal plexuses
40
esophageal plexus
parasympathetic fibers: of vagus: produce rhythmic peristaltic contractions sympathetic fibers: T1-T4: constriction of esophageal lower sphincter, inhibition of peristalsis left vagus anterior, right posterior
41
heart burn vs heart attack
acid reflux or esophageal spasms get confused between heartburn and heart attack - - acid reflux can cause pain up into arms and neck which ppl may think is heart attack and is not or opposite and it is and they do not think it is - belching relieves heart burn but not a heart attack
42
celiac plexus
parasympathetic: mainly vagus nerve, some splanchnic - stimulate digestion sympathetic: celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia - inhibit digestion largest plexus behind the stomach and in front of abdominal aorta has branches to all abdominal viscera
43
superior mesenteric plexus
parasympathetic: right vagus - stimulates digestion sympathetic: superior mesenteric ganglion - inhibits digestion continuation of celiac plexus, in front of abdominal aorta at superior mesenteric artery
44
all external forces on digestive system | can accelerate or decelerate nervous system of the digestive system
plexus
45
inferior mesenteric plexus
parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves - stimulate defecation sympathetic: lumbar/sacral splanchnic nerves - inhibit defecation
46
renal plexus
parasympathetic: from celiac ganglion - dilation of renal artery to kidneys Sympathetic: from splanchnic nerves (T10-L2) - constriction of renal artery (raises BP)
47
hypogastric plexus
superior and inferior - each side there is an inferior that are linked parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnics - urinary branches stimulate urination - reproductive branches increase blood flow to organs sympathetic: lumbar splanchnic in origin but come out as sacral - urinary branches inhibit urination - reproductive branches stimulate muscle contractions mainly controlled through hormones
48
visceral reflexes can be ______
long or short
49
reflex involving interneurons of the CNS
long visceral reflex
50
reflex that bypasses the CNS and synapses in ganglia | - get response back from the ganglia (motor response)
short visceral reflex
51
example of a short reflex
enteric plexus - acts independently to control digestion and includes all nerves from the esophagus to anus - can have someone with spinal cord injury but can still breathe and have a functioning digestive system - enteric plexus is independent nervous ssytem of digestive system
52
sympathovagal balance
when changing position, accommodation has to be made so brain continues to receive sufficient amount of blood - parasympathetic to sympathetic conversion
53
why do these conditions cause an imbalance and result in fainting? -dehydration, atherosclerosis, vasovagal syncope
dehydration: loss of volume - not be able to constrict enough atheroclerosis: blood will not be able to get through dur to the plaque vasovagal syncope: no reason for the big sympathetic response, you just drop - dec HR, dec BP

Anatomy and Physiology II (21 decks)

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