Exam 4: Female Reproductive System

Question 1

the female reproductive system consists of (5 or 8)

Answer 1

ovaries
uterine (fallopian) tubes
uterus
vagina
vulva (mons pubis, labia minora/majora, clitoris)

Question 2

ovary

Answer 2

where sex cells and hormones are produced

Question 3

secures ovary to uterine wall

Answer 3

ovarian suspensory ligament

Question 4

fallopian tubes

Answer 4

capture egg as it ruptures out of follicle, transport it through tube

• if fertilized in continues into uterus
• if not fertilized egg disintegrates in tube, dos not make it to uterus

Question 5

uterus

Answer 5

embryo implants in lining that supports developing fetus
lining reactive to hormones - thickens
blood connection for embryo and uterus - forms organ - placenta

Question 6

what is the main reason you see women getting induced into labor

Answer 6

if pregnancy is past the due date by a week - placental organ is shutting down
-cannot let it keep going bc he fetus is getting less and less blood supply

Question 7

cervix

Answer 7

opening to uterus

Question 8

vagina

Answer 8

pathway from uterus to external genitalia
extensible
receives semen and is the birth canal

Question 9

Oogenesis

Answer 9

primary oocytes: all germ cells started here, stalled in prophase I of meiosis I - not develop further until puberty
- when FSH hits the follicles will develop
-Graafian follicle: ovum completed meiosis I mature enough to be released, picked up in fallopian tube
-now ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum
exists for a week and then repeats cycle

if fertilization, hormone signals from fetus and placenta to maintain healthy corpus luteum

Question 10

follicles

Answer 10

produce and mature oocytes

secrete estrogen and inhibin - prevents many follicles from developing

Question 11

corpus luteum

Answer 11

secretes estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

menstrual cycle

Answer 12

estrogen results in the increase in vascular endometrium

progesterone inc mucus secretions in endometrium and prepares implantation of an embryo

Question 13

what happens in the absence of hCG

Answer 13

corpus luteum begins to degenerate 10-12 days after ovulation

Question 14

in what stage is the primary oocyte arrested in for 12-50 yr

Answer 14

diplotene stage of meiosis

Question 15

when happens to the oocyte when menstruation occurs

Answer 15

oocyte completes meiosis I and forms secondary oocyte and polar body
secondary oocyte gets arrested in metaphase II and released from ovary

Question 16

2 layers surrounding the oocyte

Answer 16

corona radiata

zona pellucida

Question 17

corona radiata

Answer 17

layer surrounding oocyte
single layer of cells from the follicle that remain with secondary oocyte
layer must be penetrated by sperm - special enzymes for fertilization to occur

Question 18

zona pellucida

Answer 18

layer surrounding oocyte
contains receptors for sperm
interacts with oocyte membrane to prevent polyspermy (more than one sperm)

Question 19

4 regions of the fallopian tubes

Answer 19

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural

Question 20

infundibulum

Answer 20

contains fringed extensions, fimbriae

-rub the ovum and increase to rupture the follicle

Question 21

ampulla

Answer 21

longest segment from bend to median portion of tube

-site of fertilization

Question 22

isthmus

Answer 22

narrow segment adjacent to uterus

Question 23

intramural

Answer 23

opening

embedded in uterine wall

Question 24

function of ciliated cells

Answer 24

move oocyte toward uterus

Question 25

function of non-ciliated cells

Answer 25

secrete nutritive fluid

Question 26

connects the uterus and vagina to body wall

Answer 26

broad ligament

Question 27

comes out and goes anterior, attaches to mons pubis and labia majora

Answer 27

round ligament

Question 28

layers of the uterus

Answer 28

perimetrium: outer serous layer of CT myometrium: smooth muscle layer, continuous with but thinner in the vagina endometrium: mucosal layer, made of 2 sublayers: stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

Question 29

stratum functionalis of the endometrium of the uterus

Answer 29

thicker portion, sloughed off during menstruation grows and expands due to hormones, inc vascularization progesterone inc mucus lining

Question 30

once corpus luteum is broken down what can you no longer maintain??

Answer 30

stratum functionalis of the endometrium of the uterus | - gets sloughed off

Question 31

stratum basalis

Answer 31

source of regeneration for functionalis | there ALL the time

Question 32

fundus

Answer 32

rounded area above the fallopian tube entrance

Question 33

body of uterus

Answer 33

main region of uterus

Question 34

cervix

Answer 34

lower 1/3 of uterus superior portion: secretes mucus inferior portion: has squamous cells

Question 35

vagina

Answer 35

fibromuscular tube that joins the cervix to the external environment has rugae for expansion mucosa layer: non keratinized stratified squamous - NO glandular tissue - but need lubrication for sex

Question 36

where does the vagina get lubrication from

Answer 36

cervical glands | -vestibular glands at external opening of vagina produce additional lubrication

Question 37

prominence over the pubic symphysis | formed by subcutaneous adipose

Answer 37

mons pubis

Question 38

outer fold surrounding the vestibule contains sebaceous and sweat glands has thin muscle layer

Answer 38

labia majora

Question 39

inner, hairless fold many blood vessels deeper region has lots of melanin

Answer 39

labia minora

Question 40

composed of glans clitoris and corpus cavernosa covered by thin prepuce with sensory nerve endings has mechanoreceptors and erectile tissue in it

Answer 40

clitoris

Question 41

region surrounding opening to vagina | contains mucus gland

Answer 41

vestibule

Question 42

hymen

Answer 42

thin extension of mucus tissue that covers the region broken in fetal development if not open - inperforated hymen : treat with estrogen or hymenectomy

Question 43

what is the main clinical reason ppl pa attention to the shape of the hymen

Answer 43

child abuse | -look at the ridge of the hymen if breaks in it that is unusual in a child - may indicative penetration

Question 44

mammary glands

Answer 44

modified sudoriferous glands organized in lobes separated by adipose tissue each lobe has smaller compartments/lobules -lobules have milk secreting cells - alveoli milk moves from alveoli to lactiferous ducts that terminate at nipple in lactiferous sinuses

Question 45

what is breast tissue supported by

Answer 45

suspensory ligaments that connect to the deep fascia

Question 46

some women may find out through a mammogram they have dense breasts what does this mean?

Answer 46

higher % of mammary glands than fat harder to get a good reading on a mammogram may need ultrasound if dense breasts - inc risk of breast cancer - controversy

Question 47

3 stages of female sexual act

Answer 47

erection lubrication orgasm

Question 48

female erection

Answer 48

arousal results in PARASYMPATHETIC impulses to vulva erection of clitoris and bloodflow to labia -clitoris goes under prepuce to prevent overstimulation that can be painful

Question 49

female lubrication

Answer 49

parasympathetic impulses trigger mucosal secretion from both the cervical and vestibular glands

Question 50

female orgasm

Answer 50

SYMPATHETIC impulses result in rhythmic contractions in the perineal muscles blood vessels contracted after done and pressure decreases