Exam 1 - Chapter 1 Flashcards by Ryan Clark

_________-

Recognizing faces on campus
Hearing people in the hallway

Perception

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_________-

Not spilling my coffee
Navigating on campus

Attention

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_________-

 -Adjusting for classroom tech problems
-Fitting everything into my schedule

Problem Solving

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_________-

Keeping ‘to-do’ list separate for work and home
Classroom vs. hallway

Categories

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_________-

Remembering where I need to be/when
Remembering that I need to refill cat food tonight

Memory

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_________-

 -’Seeing’ different routes to get to campus
-Locating where I left my keys

Visualization

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_________-

 -Appropriately responding to hallway conversation
-Communicating during this lecture

Understanding/Producing Language

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_________-

 -Deciding how to open door with my hands full
-Deciding what to jettison from schedule

Decision Making

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_________-:

a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind

Cognitive psychology

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Cognitive psychology:

a branch of psychology concerned with the _________ study of the mind

scientific

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Cognitive psychology:

a branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the _________

mind

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-What is the Mind-

_________ : perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, decision making, thinking and reasoning

Cognition

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-What is the Mind-

Cognition: perception, _________, memory, _________, language, decision making, thinking & reasoning

attention

- emotions

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-What is the Mind-

Cognition: perception, attention, memory, emotions, _________, decision making, _________ & reasoning

language

- thinking

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-What is the Mind-

_________ : how the mind operates and functions (e.g., mental representations, storing memories, achieving goals)

Cognitive processes

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-What is the Mind-

Cognitive processes: how the mind operates and _________ (e.g., mental representations, storing _________, achieving goals)

functions

- memories

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We like to think about history as being linear–X led to Y which led to Z
However, this is not the case for _________ psychology

cognitive

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The ‘First’ Cognitive Research Study-

_________ (1868) decides to study how long it takes to make a decision

Franciscus Donders

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The ‘First’ Cognitive Research Study-

Franciscus Donders (1868) decides to study how long it takes to make a _________

decision

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-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -

_________ : time it takes to respond to a stimulus

Reaction time (RT)

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-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -

_________ —respond when you see light

Simple RT

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-Franciscus Donders - First’ Cognitive Research Study -

_________ —press the left button when the light appears on the left of the screen and the right button when the light appears on the right

Choice RT

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1000 millisecond = _________

1 second

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_________- Attention, Perception, Process, Movement (motor command),

Simple RTSimple RT

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Simple RT - Attention, _________, Process, _________ (motor command),

- Perception | - Movement

_________ - Decision

Choice RT

Subtracting Simple RT from Choice RT gives a _________

reaction time

Subtracting _________ RT from _________ RT gives a reaction time

- Simple | - Choice

-Donders- Most cognitive processes cannot be _________ observed (e.g., constructs)—gave us a way to _________ cognitive behavior

- directly | - quantify

_________ - Most cognitive processes cannot be directly observed (e.g., constructs)—gave us a way to quantify cognitive behavior

-Donders

In late 19th century, Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Titchener argued for the _________ of “psychology”

scientific study

_________ — Wundt & Titchener

Introspection

_________- Argued that this field should be concerned with the study of conscious mental events (e.g., feelings, thoughts, memory, perception)

Wundt & Titchener

Wundt & Titchener - Argued that this field should be concerned with the study of _________ mental events (e.g., feelings, _________, memory, perception)

- conscious | - thoughts

_________ – Father of psychology

William James

_________ – Father of experimental psychology

Wilhelm Wundt

_________- Argued for ‘introspection’ to study these phenomena

Wundt & Titchener

_________ —looking within ourselves and explaining what we are doing

Introspection

Problems (of introspection as a method): - Unconscious _________ - _________ of ourselves and what we do - Post hoc explanations - No falsifiability

- thoughts | - Misperceptions

Problems (of introspection as a method): - Unconscious thoughts - Misperceptions of ourselves and what we do - _________ explanations - No _________

- Post hoc | - falsifiability

_________ – coming up with reasons afterwards, explaining why something occurred after it occurred

Post hoc explanations

-Wundt & Titchener- Goal of science is to make _________ (predict Irma, save lives)

predictions

_________ - Argued that psychology needed to be more scientific

-Behaviorism

-Behaviorism Argued that psychology needed to be more scientific --Needed _________ , recordable _________ events

- measurable | - physical

_________ --> behavior response

Stimulus

-WHO- _________ —transcendental method

Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant—transcendental method Start with observable facts and work _________ —”what causes must have led to these _________”

- backwards | - effects

_________ - | Start with observable facts and work backwards—”what causes must have led to these effects”

Immanuel Kant—transcendental method

_________ - | Reverse-engineering approach

Immanuel Kant—transcendental method

_________ : this happened, lets try to figure out why this happened (crime shows: show the murder, then try to figure out how/why)

Kant – transcendental method

Kant – transcendental method: this happened, lets try to figure out _________ this happened (crime shows: show the murder, then try to figure out how/why)

why

Transcendental method: Cognitive psychology is different from other types of science in that psychology is made up of _________ rather than _________ things we can see.

- constructs | - physical

Problems with pure behaviorism? - Missing a lot between the _________ & behavior - Cannot understand _________, memories, etc.—doesn’t consider how people _________ the situation

- stimulus - beliefs - understand

_________ view the mind as a black box, they don’t care about _________ , feeling,

- Behaviorist | - emotions

_________ psychologist think there are more things going on the _________

- Cognitive | - mind

Cognitive Revolution- | -Starts in the _________ —slow revolution

1950’s

Cognitive Revolution- Developed out of people’s discontent with _________ —the mind was more that a ‘_________’

- behaviorism | - black box

Cognitive Revolution- Several important events led to this revolution: _________ —cognitive maps in animals IQ testing Broadbent cockpit design Development of digital _________—furthered information processing theory & artificial intelligence

- Edward Tolman | - computers

Cognitive Revolution- Several important events led to this revolution: - Edward Tolman—cognitive maps in animals - _________ testing - Broadbent cockpit design - Development of digital computers—furthered _________ processing theory & artificial intelligence

- IQ | - information

Cognitive Revolution- Several important events led to this revolution: - Edward Tolman—cognitive maps in animals - IQ testing - _________ cockpit design - Development of digital computers—furthered information processing theory & _________

- Broadbent | - artificial intelligence

Cognitive Revolution- Digital computers started to develop – Development of computers allowed us some framework for how the _________ might work

mind

Fields That Developed _________ Psychology: - Philosophy - Psychology - Computer Science - Neuroscience - Anthropology - Linguistics

Cognitive

_________ : representations of structures or processes that help to visualize or explain

Cognitive models

Cognitive models: representations of structures or processes that help to _________ or explain

visualize

-Cognitive Modeling- _________ —how brain structures are involved in cognition

Structural models

-Cognitive Modeling- Structural models—how brain structures are involved in _________

cognition

-Cognitive Modeling- _________ —how cognitive processes operate

Process models

_________ - show step by step how something works

Process models