Exam 2 - Chapter 11

Question 1

_________ : a system of communication, using sounds or symbols, that enables us to express our thoughts, feelings, ideas and experiences

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

Language: a system of communication, using sounds or symbols, that enables us to express our _________ , feelings, ideas and _________

Answer 2

• thoughts

- experiences

Question 3

Human Language:

-Goes far beyond _________ with a single message

Answer 3

signals

Question 4

Human Language:

String together & arranges _________

Answer 4

symbols

Question 5

Structure of language -

_________ —small units can be combined to form larger units

Answer 5

Hierarchical

Question 6

Structure of language -

_________ —units are combined in particular ways

Answer 6

Rule governed

Question 7

Human Language:

_________ —occurs whenever there are people

Answer 7

Universal

Question 8

Every known culture has a language with strict _________

People learn/implement these rules without much – -

Answer 8

• rules

- thought

Question 9

Language learning (initial) is _________ across cultures

Answer 9

similar

Question 10

Understanding language is critical for understanding _________

Answer 10

cognition

Question 11

Language use relies on consistent & well-defined _________

Answer 11

patterns

Question 12

Language is just a series of _________

Answer 12

rules

Question 13

The Structure of Language:

_________ : coherent sequence of words that express the intended meaning of a speaker

Answer 13

Sentences

Question 14

The Structure of Language:

_________ : small group of words that forms a conceptual unit

Answer 14

Phrases

Question 15

The Structure of Language:

• Sentences
• Phrases
• _________
• Morpheme
• Phonemes

Answer 15

Word

Question 16

The Structure of Language:

_________ : smallest unit of language that have a definable meaning or grammar function

Answer 16

Morpheme

Question 17

The Structure of Language:

_________ : smallest unit of language (sounds) that change word meaning (/c/at vs /b/ vs /f/)

Answer 17

Phonemes

Question 18

Languages have very few phonemes—English < ___; Hawaiian = ___

Answer 18

• 50

- 11

Question 19

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

McGurk effect— _________ information

Answer 19

visual

Question 20

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

Phoneme restoration effect— _________ knowledge

Answer 20

top-down

Question 21

Perceiving Sounds and Letters-

Speech segmentation—top-down _________

Answer 21

knowledge

Question 22

_________

Letters easier to identify when presented in a word

Answer 22

Word superiority effect

Question 23

_________ – how we hear individual words out of a noisy signal

Answer 23

Speech segmentation

Question 24

Better at discriminating difference between different phonemes than within the same _________

Answer 24

phoneme

Question 25

_________ : time between when your mouth starts the phoneme and when your vocal cords start to _________

Answer 25

- Voice onset time | - vibrate

Question 26

_________ : difference between Ba and Pa

Answer 26

Voice onset time

Question 27

_________ – anything that falls between the ba and pa on second graph

Answer 27

Categorical perception

Question 28

_________ – what makes something either a Ba or Pa category

Answer 28

Z Curves

Question 29

___ graph – can guarantee they are native speaker | ___ graph – probably second language

Answer 29

- Z | - S

Question 30

_________ : knowledge of what words mean

Answer 30

Lexicon

Question 31

_________ —lists of words/frequencies based on public sources (e.g., newspapers, blogs, Facebook posts)

Answer 31

Corpus

Question 32

_________ : Database of what words we know

Answer 32

Lexicon

Question 33

_________ – Body of words used

Answer 33

Corpus

Question 34

Part of what helps us recognize words with ease is _________

Answer 34

prediction

Question 35

_________ —decide whether a letter string is a word or not (‘Yes’ or ‘No’)

Answer 35

Lexical decision task

Question 36

_________ : the meaning of words

Answer 36

Semantics

Question 37

_________ : rules for combining words to form sentences

Answer 37

Syntax

Question 38

_________ - Producing, expressing, or picking up on language

Answer 38

Aphasias

Question 39

_________ aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe

Answer 39

Broca’s

Question 40

_________ aphasia—damage to Wernicke’s area

Answer 40

Wernicke’s

Question 41

Broca’s aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe -_________ aphasia (syntax issues)

Answer 41

Non-fluent speech

Question 42

Broca’s aphasia—damage to left frontal lobe - Non-fluent speech aphasia (_________ issues) - Speech is very labored & fragmented

Answer 42

syntax

Question 43

Wernicke’s aphasia— | - _________ aphasia (semantic issues)

Answer 43

Smooth production/Fluent

Question 44

Wernicke’s aphasia— “_________”—“Sadness cups coffee printer power outage.”

Answer 44

-Word salad

Question 45

_________ aphasia – problems with syntax

Answer 45

Broca’s

Question 46

Broca’s aphasia – – problems putting words _________ -Non-fluent _________ aphasia

Answer 46

- together | - speech

Question 47

Wernicke’s aphasia – Issues with the _________

Answer 47

semantics

Question 48

_________ – Peoples language dictates how they think about things

Answer 48

Whorf Hypothesis

Question 49

Whorf Hypothesis | -Peoples thinking can be affected by the language that they _________

Answer 49

use