Exam 2 - Chapter 7

Question 1

_________ : process of getting information into LTM

Answer 1

Encoding

Question 2

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-
Examples:
-Repeating information
-Developing mnemonics
-Practice

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

Encoding:

_________ : repeating information, over-and-over, without considering meaning or connecting to other information

Answer 3

Maintenance rehearsal

Question 4

Encoding:

_________ : relating information to something meaningful (‘deep processing’)

Answer 4

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 5

_________ – really thinking about the information

Answer 5

deep processing

Question 6

_________

-Theory argues that the quality of encoding/recall depends upon how deeply the information is processed

Answer 6

Craik & Lockhart (1972)

Question 7

Craik & Lockhart (1972)

-Theory argues that the quality of encoding/recall depends upon how _________ the information is processed

Answer 7

deeply

Question 8

Encoding:

Connecting info to yourself (‘_________ effect’)

Answer 8

self-referential

Question 9

Encoding:

_________ (making up your own exam questions)

Answer 9

Retrieval practice

Question 10

_________ : process of transferring info from LTM to WM

Answer 10

Retrieval

Question 11

Many memory failures are due to _________ issues (‘Blanking’ in the moment)

Answer 11

retrieval

Question 12

_________ :
Forgetting a co-worker’s name
Forgetting what I need to bring for the day

Answer 12

retrieval issues

Question 13

_________ : words or other stimuli that help us remember information stored in memory

Answer 13

Retrieval cues

Question 14

_________-

Returning to the place where we had the original thought

Answer 14

Retrieval cues

Question 15

_________-
Flood of memories at an ‘old haunt’
Music/smells/tastes triggering memories

Answer 15

Retrieval cues

Question 16

_________- —provide all the words that you remember

Answer 16

Recall task

Question 17

Recall task-

Requires _________ search

Answer 17

memory

Question 18

_________ : encode info, along with the context of the info

Answer 18

Encoding specificity

Question 19

Encoding specificity: encode info, along with the _________ of the info

Answer 19

context

Question 20

Encoding Specificity:

Recalling information in an environment similar to where we learned the information influences _________ performance

Answer 20

recall

Question 21

Encoding Specificity:

Divers showed better learning when their learning & testing _________ matched

Answer 21

environments

Question 22

Encoding Specificity:

Not just the physical environment—just _________ about the learning environment can show similar effects

Answer 22

thinking

Question 23

_________ —learning associated with a particular internal state (mood, state of awareness)

Answer 23

State-dependent learning

Question 24

_________ : process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are more resistant to disruption

Answer 24

Consolidation

Question 25

Consolidation: process that transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more _________ state, in which they are more resistant to_________

Answer 25

- permanent | - disruption

Question 26

_________ —structural changes at the neuronal level (minutes – hours)

Answer 26

Synaptic consolidation

Question 27

_________ —organization/reorganization of neural circuits (months – years)

Answer 27

Systems consolidation

Question 28

Systems consolidation—organization/reorganization of neural circuits (_________ )

Answer 28

months – years

Question 29

Synaptic consolidation—structural changes at the neuronal level (_________ )

Answer 29

minutes – hours

Question 30

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP - Repeated activity of a neuron(s) changes _________

Answer 30

connections

Question 31

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP Remember, not just one neuron, but many firing for a _________

Answer 31

memory

Question 32

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP _________ : enhanced firing of neurons after repeated stimulation

Answer 32

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

Question 33

Synaptic Consolidation: LTP Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): enhanced firing of neurons after repeated _________

Answer 33

stimulation

Question 34

Systems Consolidation: Standard Model of Consolidation -Incoming info (sights, sounds, emotions) activates _________ areas

Answer 34

cortical

Question 35

Systems Consolidation: _________ areas communicate with the hippocampus—hippocampus coordinates cortical _________

Answer 35

- Cortical | - activity

Question 36

Systems Consolidation: Cortical areas communicate with the _________ - _________ coordinates cortical activity

Answer 36

-hippocampus | —hippocampus

Question 37

Systems Consolidation: _________ —later, the hippocampus replays this activity, which forms cortical connections

Answer 37

Reactivation

Question 38

Systems Consolidation: Reactivation—later, the hippocampus replays this activity, which forms _________ connections

Answer 38

cortical

Question 39

Systems Consolidation: Over time, cortical activations ‘connected’ without the _________

Answer 39

hippocampus

Question 40

While consolidation starts at _________ formation, it is thought to be especially strong during sleep

Answer 40

memory

Question 41

While consolidation starts at memory formation, it is thought to be especially strong during _________

Answer 41

sleep

Question 42

Expecting to be tested improves this _________ —knowledge of how a memory will be used affects consolidation

Answer 42

consolidation

Question 43

_________ changes— _________ changes (new home, closed streets, stores/classes moving)

Answer 43

- Life | - memory

Question 44

_________ : process of a memory becoming fragile when it is retrieved, so that is can be _________

Answer 44

- Reconsolidation | - revised/updated

Question 45

Support for Reconsolidation: _________

Answer 45

PTSD

Question 46

Support for Reconsolidation: PTSD - _________ —drug that blocks stress hormone release in the amygdala

Answer 46

Propranolol

Question 47

Support for Reconsolidation: PTSD -Propranolol—drug that blocks stress hormone release in the _________

Answer 47

amygdala