Exam 1 Chapter 4 Flashcards
(71 cards)
Describe the location of the apical region of an epithelial tissue. How can this region be easily identified in a micrograph?
it’s free, unattached surface of the epithelium
- abuts an open space, apparent as a white space
Why are cuboidal or columnar cells found in epithelia that function in secretion and absorption? List three locations of cuboidal epithelium.
larger cells allow for more room for cellular machinery necessary for producing cellular secretions
- kidney tubules, glands, and ovary surface
Why is columnar epithelium not found in locations where diffusion occurs? What type of epithelium is found in these locations?
Columnar epithelium is too thick for diffusion
- simple squamous epithelium is better
What type of gland are goblet cells? What do they secrete?
unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucin
What gland secretes into the tissue fluid?
endocrine gland
What feature distinguishes a simple exocrine gland from a compound exocrine gland?
Simple exocrine glands have unbranched ducts. Compound ducts are branched.
How do cilia differ from microvilli?
microvilli = short extensions of plasma membrane with actin microfilaments that extend into the cytoskeleton; increase surface area of the plasma membrane
cilia = long extension with microtubules in pairs linked with motor proteins and centriole at the base
How do the intermediate filaments within epithelial cells function to bind together the entire sheet of epithelia?
they extend across the cell and anchor at desmosomes on the other side. linker proteins from the desmosomes link to adjacent cells
What other types of tissues contain gap junctions, in addition to epithelial tissue?
embryonic tissues, connective tissues, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
How do epithelial tissues differ from connective tissues in the arrangement of cells in each tissue?
Epithelial tissues contain lots of cells of similar type packed closely together.
Connective tissues are separated from each other by extensive extracellular material
Distinguish the matrix of a connective tissue from the ground substance.
ground substance is a gel-like material that functions to hold fluid
Which structural element of connective tissue resists tension? Which resists compression? Which allows for recoil? Which element produces the matrix?
Collagen fibers in connective tissue resist tension.
Ground substance resists compression.
Elastic fibers allow for recoil.
Blast cells produce tissue matrix first and osteocytes secrete matrix components to keep the matrix healthy.
How does loose connective tissue differ from dense connective tissue?
loose connective tissues are separated by ground substance.
dense connective tissue is packed closely together.
Which type of connective tissue forms the ligaments and tendons?
dense regular connective tissue that
Which type of connective tissue forms the hypodermis of the skin?
adipose and loose areolar connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue forms the tissue that underlies epithelia?
loose areolar connective tissue
Which type of connective tissue forms the lymph nodes?
reticular connective tissues
Which connective tissues contain collagen fibers?
loose areolar, adipose, dense regular, and irregular connective tissues, hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage, and bone
In which connective tissues are the cells located in lacunae?
cartilage and bone tissues
Which component of cartilage tissue functions to resist compressive forces?
gel-like ground substance
Which nerve cells function to transmit electrical impulses?
neurons
Distinguish between the terms striated and stratified. Which tissues are striated? Which tissues are stratified?
striated = striped: muscle tissue
stratified = layered: epithelial tissue
An epithelium has several cell layers with flat cells in the apical layer. What is it?
stratified squamous epithelium
Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is found where?
small bronchi
