Exam 4 Chapter 23 Flashcards
(53 cards)
Where in the alimentary canal does propulsion occur?
from the oral vacity to the anus
Differentiate the abdominal cavity from the peritoneal cavity.
Abdominal = diaphragm to pelvis
Peritoneal = space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum
Which digestive system organs are located in the abdominal cavity but are not intraperitoneal?
pancreas, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum
Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the liver. Dorsal or ventral?
falciform ligament and lesser omentum
- both ventral
Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the stomach. Dorsal or ventral?
greater omentum
- dorsal
Identify all the mesenteries that connect to the sigmoid colon. Dorsal or ventral?
sigmoid mesocolon
- dorsal
Injury to the spleen or liver can cause extensive internal bleeding. Where would blood collect from such an injury?
in the peritoneal cavity
Name the three sublayers of the mucosa. Which sublayer forms the intrinsic glands that produce digestive secretions?
mucosa (epithelial), lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae
- intrinsic glands are formed from the epithelial layer
Name the tissue layer of the alimentary canal that is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.
contractions of the smooth muscle of the muscularis externa
Contrast smooth muscle to skeletal muscle
- cell shape
- number and location of nuclei
presence/absence of striations
- innervation
- stimuli for contraction
- fatigue resistance
Smooth muscle:
- elongated
- single centrally located nucleus
- nonstriated
- innervated by ANS
- contracts in response to hormones, stretching, and nerve stimulation
- extremely fatigue resistant
Skeletal muscle:
- cylindrically shaped cells
- multinucleated
- striated
innervated by somatic motor neurons
- less fatigue resistant than smooth muscle
What type of epithelium forms the mucosa lining the oral cavity and pharynx?
stratified squamous epithelium
Name the three major salivary glands. What nutrient macromolecules do the enzymes in saliva act on?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
- digest carbohydrates
How does the epithelial lining change from the esophagus to the stomach?
stratified squamous to simple columnar
What is unique about the muscularis externa in the stomach?
additional deep layer
Describe the location of the stomach in reference to the nine abdominal regions.
left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical regions of the abdomen
What do chief cells produce? What do parietal cells produce? What do the surface cells that line the stomach produce?
Chief cells: pepsinogen and gastric lipase
Parietal cells: HCl
Surface cells: bicarbonate-buffered mucus
What is the typical life span for an intestinal epithelial cell?
3-6 days
How are the cells of the epithelium replaced?
rapidly dividing undifferentiated epithelial cells that line the intestinal glands
Name all the parts of the large intestine, beginning with its junction with the ileum.
cecum, ascending colon, transverse, colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal
Name the structures within the villus that receive absorbed nutrients. Which types of nutrients are absorbed into each structure?
End products of carbs and protein digestion = capillary network
Digested fats = lacteal
Name the vessels and ducts that pass through the porta hepatis. What is found in each structure, and does it go away or into the liver?
right and left hepatic arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the liver
Right and left branches of the hepatic portal vein carry nutrient-rich blood into the liver
right and left hepatic ducts carry bile out of the liver
Which cells in the pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes? Where do these secretions empty into the alimentary canal?
acinar cells of the pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes
empties into the duodenum
Why is it important to wash your hands after using the restroom?
prevents the spread of infection
What is true about the submucosal nerve plexus of the intestine?
innervates the mucosa layer
