Exam 4 Chapter 19

Question 1

Which side of the heart receives and pumps deoxygenated blood?

Answer 1

right side

Question 2

Where is the apex of the heart located in reference to the anterior theoracic wall?

Answer 2

left midclavicular line

Question 3

What is another name for the epicardium?

Answer 3

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

Question 4

Identify the heart chamber that contain the pectinate muscles.

Answer 4

both atriums

Question 5

Identify the heart chamber that contain the papillary muscles.

Answer 5

both ventricles

Question 6

Identify the heart chamber that contain the fossa ovalis.

Answer 6

right atrium

Question 7

Identify the heart chamber that contain the trabeculae carneae.

Answer 7

both ventricles

Question 8

Name 3 vessels that empty into the right atrium. Arteries or veins?

Answer 8

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
- veins

Question 9

Where does blood travel after passing through the aortic semilunar valve? Is this blood oxygenated or deoxygenated?

Answer 9

Enters the aorta
- oxygenated blood to the systemic circuit

Question 10

During ventricular systole, are the AV valves open or closed? Are the semilunar valves open or closed during this period?

Answer 10

AV valves = closed
Semilunar valves = open

Question 11

Differentiate a stenotic valve from an incompetent valve.

Answer 11

Stenotic valve has a narrowed opening due to fusion or stiffening of the cusps and doesn’t open properly.
Incompetent valve is a leaky valve that can’t close completely.

Question 12

What is the significance of the gap junctions in the intercalated discs?

Answer 12

allows stimulus to contract to be passed from one muscle cell to an adjacent cell
- enables all muscle cells to contract at the same time

Question 13

What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located?

Answer 13

sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrium

Question 14

What type of tissue forms the structures of the conducting system of the heart?

Answer 14

specialized cardiac muscle cells

Question 15

How do the autonomic nerves that innervate the heart influence heart function?

Answer 15

Sympathetic innervation increases heart rate and strength of contraction.
Parasympathetic decreases heart rate

Question 16

Which vessel supplies blood to the left ventricle?

Answer 16

left interventricular artery - anterior wall
circumflex artery - posterior wall

Question 17

What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease? What is one common symptom of this disorder?

Answer 17

high blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, inactivity, family history
- first symptom is angina

Question 18

What is the single most important factor for maintaining a healthy heart throughout life?

Answer 18

regular and vigorous exercise

Question 19

What is the most external part of the pericardium called?

Answer 19

fibrous pericardium

Question 20

Which heart chamber forms most of the heart’s inferior surface?

Answer 20

left ventricle

Question 21

How many cusps does the right atrioventricular valve have?

Answer 21

three

Question 22

What is the sequence of contraction of the heart chambers?

Answer 22

both atria followed by both ventricles

Question 23

Which artery runs with the middle cardia vein?

Answer 23

posterior interventricular artery

Question 24

Where is the base of the heart?

Answer 24

the posterior surface

Question 25

Which part of the conducting system of the heart is localized in the interventricular septum?

Answer 25

atrioventricular bundle

Question 26

When does the aortic valve close?

Answer 26

just after the ventricles contract

Question 27

Which layer of the heart wall is the thickest?

Answer 27

myocardium