Exam 3 Chapter 15

Question 1

Which fibers in the motor division of the PNS are not myelinated?

Answer 1

Postganglionic axons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 2

As you are driving home from school, a car suddenly swerves toward you, forcing you to hit the brakes quickly. You feel your heart pump, and you begin to sweat a bit. Which division of ANS has been activated?

Answer 2

Sympathetic division (fight or flight)

Question 3

Where are the sympathetic ganglia located? Where are most parasympathetic ganglia located?

Answer 3

sympathetic ganglia: near spinal cord and vertebral column
parasympathetic ganglia: in or near target organ

Question 4

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the heart?

Answer 4

decreases heart rate

Question 5

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the small intestine?

Answer 5

increases motility and secretion

Question 6

What is the result of vagal stimulation of the salivary gland?

Answer 6

stimulates secretion

Question 7

Why are white rami communicantes located only on sympathetic trunk ganglia between T1 and L2, and gray rami communicantes branch off each sympathetic trunk ganglion?

Answer 7

White: carry preganglionic outflow from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the cord into the sympathetic trunk
Gray: postganglionic fibers that exit off the sympathetic trunk onto a spinal nerve at each level of the sympathetic trunk (innervate blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili)

Question 8

What is the general effect of sympathetic innervation to the abdominal organs?

Answer 8

decreases activity of the glands and muscles of the digestive system

Question 9

Which region of the CNS is the main control center for the ANS?

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

What is part of the ANS?

Answer 10

• two-neuron motor chains
• preganglionic cell bodies of the CNS
• presence of postganglionic cell bodies in ganglia

Question 11

Which division of the ANS has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons?

Answer 11

sympathetic

Question 12

Which division of the ANS has intramural ganglia?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

Question 12

Which division of the ANS has craniosacral outflow?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

Question 13

Which division of the ANS has adrenergic fibers?

Answer 13

sympathetic

Question 14

Which division of the ANS has cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 14

sympathetic

Question 15

Which division of the ANS has optic and ciliary ganglia?

Answer 15

parasympathetic

Question 16

Which division of the ANS has more widespread response?

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

Which division of the ANS increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure?

Answer 17

sympathetic

Question 18

Which division of the ANS increases motility of stomach and secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands?

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

Which division of the ANS innervates blood vessels?

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

Which division of the ANS is most active when you are lolling in a hammock?

Answer 20

parasympathetic

Question 21

Which division of the ANS is most active when you are running in the Boston marathon?

Answer 21

sympathetic

Question 22

Which division of the ANS has gray rami communicantes?

Answer 22

sympathetic

Question 23

Which division of the ANS has synapse in celiac ganglion?

Answer 23

sympathetic

Question 24

Which division of the ANS relates to fear response induced by the amygdaloid body?

Answer 24

sympathetic

Question 25

Which nerve innervates most of the organs of the abdomen and the thorax?

Answer 25

vagus nerve

Question 26

What kind of cell bodies do collateral ganglia contain?

Answer 26

postganglionic sympathetic

Question 27

How is the ANS controlled?

Answer 27

little control by cerebrum, major control by hypothalamus and amygdaloid body and major control by spinal and peripheral reflexes

Question 28

What kind of axons does the white rami communicantes contain?

Answer 28

preganglionic sympathetic

Question 29

What are collateral sympathetic ganglia involed with?

Answer 29

Innervation of the abdominal organs

Question 30

Describe the anatomical relationship of the white and gray rami communicantes to a spinal nerve, and to the dorsal and ventral rami.

Answer 30

White: connect spinal nerves to sympathetic chain ganglia & emerge from spinal nerve's ventral root - found from T1 to L2 spinal levels Gray: connect sympathetic chain ganglia to spinal nerves & emerges from spinal nerve's dorsal root - found at every spinal level

Question 31

Why are gray rami communicantes gray?

Answer 31

nonmyelinated nerve fibers LACK OF MYELIN

Question 32

How do the somatic motor and visceral motor pathways differ anatomically and functionally?

Answer 32

Somatic: originates from CNS motor neurons and directly innervates skeletal muscles (only 1 neuron) Visceral: involves preganglionic and postganglionic neurons and controls involuntary functions of internal organs (2 neuron pathway: CNS to ganglion to effector)