Exam 2 Chapter 7

Question 1

Name the bones that form the anterior cranial fossa.

Answer 1

frontal bone
ethmoid bone
sphenoid bone

Question 2

Name the bone that contains crista galli.

Answer 2

ethmoid bone

Question 3

Name the bone that contains mastoid process.

Answer 3

temporal bone

Question 4

Name the bone that contains nuchal line.

Answer 4

occipital bone

Question 5

Name the bone that contains sella turcica.

Answer 5

sphenoid bone

Question 6

Name the bone that contains supraorbital foramen.

Answer 6

frontal bone

Question 7

Name the bone that contains zygomatic process.

Answer 7

temporal bone

Question 8

Which 4 bones articulate with the left parietal bone? Name the sutures that join these bones to the left parietal bone.

Answer 8

Right parietal bone via sagittal suture
Frontal bone via coronal suture
Left temporal bone via the squamous suture
Occipital bone via lambdoid suture

Question 9

Name all the bones that articulate the maxilla.

Answer 9

zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha

Question 10

Which bones or bony processes form the hard palate?

Answer 10

horizontal plates of the palatine bones and palatine processes of the maxillae

Question 11

What are the alveolar processes and on which bones are they located?

Answer 11

Superior margin of the mandible and the inferior margin of the maxillae that have teeth in the sockets (alveoli)

Question 12

Which bones form the nasal conchae? What is the function of those?

Answer 12

Ethmoid bone (superior and middle) and inferior nasal conchae
- create turbulence in the air and function to warm, moisten and filter the air

Question 13

Which of the bones that form the orbit are cranial bones?

Answer 13

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid bone

Question 14

Which of the bones that form the orbit are facial bones?

Answer 14

lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, palatine bone

Question 15

Which paranasal sinuses are located along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Answer 15

Ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinuses

Question 16

What type of membrane lines all the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 16

mucous membrane

Question 17

Which portion of the intervertebral disc expands under compression?

Answer 17

nucleus pulposus and the inner core of the intervertebral disc

Question 18

Which portion of the intervertebral disc resists twisting forces?

Answer 18

outer rings of fibrocartilage and the anulus fibrosus

Question 19

When and how do the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column develop?

Answer 19

Cervical curvature: 3 months when infants can hold up their head
Lumbar curvature: 1 year, when babies start to walk

Question 20

Why do intervertebral discs usually herniate in the posterolateral direction?

Answer 20

anulus fibrosus is thinnest posteriorly but posterior longitudinal ligaments prevent direct posterior herniation

Question 21

What does the superior articular process of a vertebra articulate with?

Answer 21

inferior articular process of the vertebra

Question 22

Name one feature that is unique for all cervical vertebrae.

Answer 22

All cervical vertebrae have transverse foramina

Question 23

How can you distinguish thoracic vertebra T12 from lumbar vertebra L1?

Answer 23

T12 has costal facets on its vertebra body

Question 24

What part of the vertebra form the median sacral crest?

Answer 24

Fused spinous processes of the sacral vertebrae

Question 25

Define the sternal angle. Which rib articulates with the sternum here?

Answer 25

Sternal angle: junction between manubrium and the body of the sternum - rib 2 articulates

Question 26

What specific features of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with the head of a rib?

Answer 26

superior and inferior costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 27

Where does the tubercle of a rib articulate?

Answer 27

transverse costal facet

Question 28

Which skull bones form as two individual bones that fuse during childhood to form a single bone in the adult?

Answer 28

frontal bone and mandible

Question 29

What bones are connected by the coronal suture?

Answer 29

frontal and parietal

Question 30

What is the keystone bone of the cranium

Answer 30

frontal

Question 31

What is the keystone bone of the face?

Answer 31

maxillary

Question 32

What are the bones that form the hard palate?

Answer 32

maxillary and palatine

Question 33

What bone contains the foramen magnum?

Answer 33

occipital

Question 34

What bone forms the chin?

Answer 34

mandible

Question 35

What bone contains paranasal sinuses?

Answer 35

ethmoid frontal maxillary sphenoid

Question 36

What bone contains mastoid air cells?

Answer 36

temporal

Question 37

What is lordosis?

Answer 37

accentuated lumbar curvature

Question 38

What part of the sternum articulate at the sternal angle?

Answer 38

manubrium and body

Question 39

What is the only rib whose shaft is flattened in the horizontal plane, instead of vertically?

Answer 39

first rib

Question 40

What terms are used to describe the sternum?

Answer 40

xiphoid process, manubrium, sternal angle

Question 41

What vertebrae has no spinous process?

Answer 41

atlas only

Question 42

What vertebrae has a transverse foramen?

Answer 42

cervical vertebrae

Question 43

What vertebrae has superior articular facets?

Answer 43

all vertebrae

Question 44

What vertebrae has dense process?

Answer 44

axis only

Question 45

What vertebrae has transverse costal facets?

Answer 45

thoracic vertebrae

Question 46

What vertebrae has a kidney-shaped body?

Answer 46

lumbar vertebrae

Question 47

What vertebrae has a forked spinous process?

Answer 47

cervical vertebrae except C1 and C7

Question 48

What vertebrae has a circular vertebral foramen?

Answer 48

thoracic vertebrae

Question 49

What vertebrae has transverse process?

Answer 49

all vertebrae

Question 50

What vertebrae has articular facets directed medially/laterally?

Answer 50

lumbar vertebrae

Question 51

What foramen is on the temporal bone?

Answer 51

external acoustic meatus

Question 52

What foramen is on the sphenoid bone?

Answer 52

foramen ovale

Question 53

What foramen is on the maxillary bone?

Answer 53

infraorbital foramen

Question 54

What foramen is on the occipital bone?

Answer 54

hypoglossal canal

Question 55

What foramen is on the ethmoid bone?

Answer 55

cribriform foramina

Question 56

Name the 4 normal vertebral curvatures. Which are primary and which are secondary?

Answer 56

1) cervical curvature - primary 2) thoracic curvature - primary 3) lumbar curvature - secondary 4) sacral curvature - secondary

Question 57

List two specific structural characteristics each for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae that would enable anyone to identify each type correctly.

Answer 57

Cervical vertebrae: transverse foramina and spinous processes Thoracic vertebrae: costal facet and circular vertebral foramen Lumbar vertebrae: thin transverse process and large, thick vertebral bodies

Question 58

What is the function of intervertebral discs?

Answer 58

shock absorbers during movement

Question 59

Distinguish the anulus fibrosus from the nucleus pulposus of a disc.

Answer 59

1) Nucleus pulposus is inner sphere (anulus fibrosus is 12 concentric rings) 2) Nucleus pulposus = gelatinous rubber ball (anulus fibrosus = ligament and fibrocartilage) 3) Nucleus pulposus = flexibility and shock absorber (anulus fibrosus = strength and flexibility)

Question 60

Which part herniates in the condition called prolapsed disc?

Answer 60

rupture of anulus fibrosus and protrusion of nucleus pulposus

Question 61

Define and give examples of true ribs.

Answer 61

superior 7 pairs that directly attach to the sternum by their costal cartilages - AKA vertebrosternal ribs

Question 62

Define and give examples of false ribs.

Answer 62

inferior 5 pairs (ribs 8-12) that attach to the sternum indirectly or not at all - AKA vertebrochondral ribs

Question 63

Define and give examples of floating ribs.

Answer 63

Ribs 11 and 12 have no anterior attachments - AKA vertebral ribs

Question 64

Describe where the 4 major fontanelles are located in relation to the major sutures of the skull.

Answer 64

1) anterior fontanelle = intersection of frontal, sagittal, and coronal suture 2) posterior fontanelle = lambdoid and sagittal suture (near occipital bone) 3) Sphenoidal fontanelle = squamous, coronal, and sphenoid suture 4) mastoid fontanelle = parietal, occipital, and mastoid suture

Question 65

Identify the location of the foramen magnum and name the structures that pass through them.

Answer 65

in the occipital bone - allows passage of the spinal cord from the brain stem to vertebral canal

Question 66

Identify the location of the stylomastoid foramen and name the structures that pass through them.

Answer 66

in temporal bone - passageway for cranial nerve VII ( facial nerve)

Question 67

Identify the location of the foramen ovale and name the structures that pass through them.

Answer 67

Sphenoid bone - passageway for mandibular division of cranial nerve V

Question 68

Identify the location of the supraorbital foramina and name the structures that pass through them.

Answer 68

Frontal bone - passageway for supraorbital arteries and nerves

Question 69

Describe how a typical true rib articulates with both the vertebral column and the sternum.

Answer 69

Head of the rib articulates with vertebral body and intervertebral disc of the corresponding thoracic vertebra. Tubercle of the rib articulates with transverse process of the same thoracic vertebra. Costal cartilage attaches to the sternum directly/indirectly through the costal cartilage of the ribs anterior to it.