Exam 2

Question 1

Main conducting airway into the lungs

Answer 1

trachea

Question 2

Action that happens through the conducting airways of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 2

Ventilation- movement of air in and out of the mody

Question 3

Action that happens at the alveoli

Answer 3

Gas exchange or respiration

Question 4

Respiration is controlled by

Answer 4

CNS

Question 5

Stimulates diaphragm to contract and cause inspiration

Answer 5

Vagus nerve

Question 6

Cough and cold meds should not be used for whom?

Answer 6

Children under 2 years

Question 7

Contraindications of antitussives

Answer 7

People who NEED to cough (eg. viral infection or post op patients), anything that suppresses the CNS, head injuries

Question 8

Nursing implications for antitussives

Answer 8

airway clearance, respiratory depression (bc it suppresses the CNS), altered sensory perception, risk for falls

Question 9

Contraindications of decongestants (topical and oral)

Answer 9

rhinitis medicamentosa, things that are exacerbated my sympathetic stimulation, glaucoma, non-intact mucus membranes (for topical)

Question 10

Contraindications for decongestant topical steroids

Answer 10

infection

Question 11

Nursing implications for decongestant topical steroids

Answer 11

Teach proper administration; teach to take in the morning bc it will keep you awake; immune system depression

Question 12

Contraindications of antihistamines

Answer 12

cardiac arrhythmias, low BP, tachycardia, urinary retension

Question 13

Anticholinergic Response

Answer 13

1) Eyes dilate 2) flushed, vasodilation 3) hyperthermia 4) dry skin 5) crazy, sleepy, hallucinating 6) urinary retention 7) tachycardia

Question 14

Contraindications of expectorants

Answer 14

persistent, undiagnosed cough (more than 2 weeks); synergistic effects with analgesics and anything that will suppress the CNS, esp Tylenol, Aspirin, and alcohol

Question 15

Antidote to Tylenol overdose

Answer 15

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

Question 16

Contraindications of mucolytics

Answer 16

bronchospasms

Question 17

Difference between an expectorant and a mucolytic

Answer 17

Expectorant helps you cough it out, mucolytics break it up SO THAT you can cough it out

Question 18

Contraindications of sympathomimetic bronchodilators

Answer 18

conditions aggravated by sympathetic nervous system stimulation; African Americans have high death rate when on Salmeterol

Question 19

Contraindications of anticholinergic bronchodilators

Answer 19

Things aggravated by loss of Ach (myethenia gravis); allergy to soy or peanuts; BPH; glaucoma

Question 20

Therapeutic range of Xanthene drugs

Answer 20

10-20 mcg/mL

Question 21

Contraindications of xanthenes

Answer 21

things that have SNS stimulation

Question 22

Contraindications of inhaled steroid drugs

Answer 22

Not for acute symptoms (takes a long time to work), infection (bc it suppresses the immune system)

Question 23

Nursing indications for inhaled steroid drugs

Answer 23

Takes hours to days to become effective, rinse mouth out after use to avoid thrush, must be weened off to allow adrenal glands to reactivate

Question 24

Side effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists

Answer 24

causes SNC depression and myalgia; blocking WBC production so we’re depressing immunity- risk for infection

Question 25

Contraindications of mast cell stabilizers

Answer 25

not for acute symptoms; interferes with some types of contact lenses

Question 26

clinical representation of inflammation

Answer 26

``` calor (heat) tumor (swelling) rubor (redness) dolor (pain) loss of function ```

Question 27

Contraindications of Salycyclates

Answer 27

bleeding disorders, chicken pox and influenza in children, someone who needs to clot, someone about to have surgery

Question 28

Major side effects of salycylates

Answer 28

bleeding, decreased cardiac output, hard on the stomach

Question 29

Special indication for indomethacin

Answer 29

closes PDAs in newborns

Question 30

Contraindications of propionic acids

Answer 30

people with ulcers or GI bleeding

Question 31

Major side effects of propionic acids

Answer 31

stomach pain and bleeding; ulcers with advil

Question 32

Contraindications of acetaminophen

Answer 32

allergy, chronic alcoholism, liver problems

Question 33

Major side effects of acetaminophen

Answer 33

highly liver toxic, suppresses bone marrow in taken long time; if bone marrow is suppressed then it wont make blood cells which won't oxygenate the brain

Question 34

Contraindications of gold compounds

Answer 34

allergy to gold

Question 35

Major side effects of gold compounds

Answer 35

severe upper GI distress, lots of allergic reactions, bone marrow suppression

Question 36

Nursing Dx for gold compounds

Answer 36

Risk for tissue damage r/t hypersensitivity

Question 37

Contraindications to DMARDS

Answer 37

allergy to hampsters

Question 38

Major side effects of DMARDS

Answer 38

severe bone depression, increased risk for infection and increased risk for cancer development

Question 39

Side effects of immune modulator drugs

Answer 39

Makes the pt feel like they have the flu and gives risk for pulmonary edema