Exam 2: Neoplasia

Question 1

T/F. Neoplasia is considered a circulatory disorder

Answer 1

F. Disorder of growth

Question 2

What are the 3 disorders of growth

Answer 2

1. cellular adaptations
2. Neoplasia
3. Developmental abnormalities

Question 3

What does the suffix -oma mean?

Answer 3

Benign

Question 4

What does the suffic -carcinoma, or -sarcoma mean?

Answer 4

Malignant

Question 5

What are the 2 parts of neoplasm

Answer 5

1. Neoplastic cells (parencyma)

2. CT and blood vessels (Stroma)

Question 6

What are the 2 types of parenchymal cells>

Answer 6

1. Epithelial cells

2. Mesenchymal cells

Question 7

Suffix to denote a benign Epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasm

Answer 7

-oma

Question 8

suffix to denote a malignant epithelial neoplasm

Answer 8

-Carcinoma

Question 9

Suffic to denote a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm

Answer 9

-Sarcoma

Question 10

T/F. Earlier arrest is associated with malignancy

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What are the 2 cellular criteria of malignancy?

Answer 11

1. Differentiation

2. Features of anaplasia

Question 12

What are the 7 Anaplasia features of malignant neoplasia

Answer 12

1. Pleomorphic
2. Anisokaryosis
3. Nuclear hyperchromasia
4. High N:C ration
5. Prominent nucleoli
6. Multiple nuclei
7. Abnormal Mitotic figures

Question 13

B or M? Well differentiated appearance

Answer 13

Benign

Question 14

B or M? Lack of differentiation

Answer 14

Malignant

Question 15

B or M? atypical structure

Answer 15

Malignant

Question 16

B or M? variable degree of anaplasia

Answer 16

Malignant

Question 17

B or M Slow to rapid growth erratic growth rate

Answer 17

Malignant

Question 18

B or M? Structure similar to Tissue of oritgin

Answer 18

Benign

Question 19

B or M? Slow progressive expansion

Answer 19

Benign

Question 20

B or M? mitotic figures often numerous

Answer 20

Malignant

Question 21

B or M? capsule

Answer 21

Benign

Question 22

B or M? no metastasis

Answer 22

Benign

Question 23

what is the gross shape of neoplasia

Answer 23

1. nodular
2. polypoid/papillary
3. Cystic/cavitary
4. Umbilicated (depressed center
5. change in color
6. firm
7. demarcation

Question 24

The molecular basis of cancer

Answer 24

Carcinogenesis

Question 25

Neoplasia is a result of an abnormality involving: a. Cellular respiration b. Membrane instability c. Organelle growth d. The cell cycle

Answer 25

D. the cell cycle

Question 26

_____ is the hallmark of neoplasia

Answer 26

Unlimited proliferation

Question 27

Abnormalities in genes controlling which of the following could result in a neoplasm developing: a. Apoptosis b. DNA repair c. Growth signaling d. Growth-inhibition signaling e. all of the above

Answer 27

e. all of the above

Question 28

Neoplasms often have mutations that result in what 4 things?

Answer 28

1. Defective DNA repair 2. Self-sufficient growth signals 3. Insensitivity to growth inhibition 4. Evasion of apoptosis

Question 29

Defective DNA repair leads to _____ which leads to more cancer causing mutations

Answer 29

Genetic instability

Question 30

Regulators of cell proliferation and growth

Answer 30

Proto-oncogenes

Question 31

Products of oncoproteins, similar function as normal counterpart without the regulatory element

Answer 31

Oncogene

Question 32

normally put the breaks on the cell cycle, when absent the cells become insensitive to growth inhibition signals

Answer 32

Tumor suppressor genes

Question 33

T/F mutations of defective DNA are dominant

Answer 33

T

Question 34

T/F. mutations of insensitivity to growth inhibition signals is Dominant

Answer 34

F. Recessive, need 2 independent mutations

Question 35

Tumor suppressor gene that is responsible for DNA binding protein, that stimulates many genes involved in arresting the cell cycle

Answer 35

p53

Question 36

what are the 4 normal triggers for apoptosis

Answer 36

1. DNA damage 2. Loss of nutrients 3. Binding of death factors 4. Cytotoxic lymphocytes

Question 37

T/F. Mutations in evasion of apoptosis are dominant

Answer 37

F. can be dominant or recessive

Question 38

The product of the gene Rb inactivates proteins required for G1/S transition in the cell cycle. Rb is normally active in quiescent cells. Rb is an example of: a. Apoptosis gene b. Oncogene c. Proto-oncogene d. Tumor suppressor gene

Answer 38

D. tumor suppressor gene

Question 39

This protein is involved in stimulating the cell cycle and when mutated is is constituatly active what would it be? a. Apoptosis gene b. Oncogene c. Proto-oncogene d. Tumor suppressor gene

Answer 39

oncoprotein

Question 40

T/F Neoplasms are clonal

Answer 40

T

Question 41

Neoplasms are clonal but become heterogenous over time due to ______

Answer 41

genetic instability

Question 42

P that are involved in binding to the neighboring cells

Answer 42

Cadherins

Question 43

Receptors that bind to degrated ECM and pulls cell through BM

Answer 43

Integrins

Question 44

What stimulates cell to migrate through BM?

Answer 44

Growth factors produced by self.

Question 45

which for the following is necessary for a detached tumor cell to be able to bind the ECM

Answer 45

Integrins