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Pathology 1 > Exam 3: dermatopathology > Flashcards

Exam 3: dermatopathology Flashcards

1
Q

Palpable elevation filled with clear fluid

A

Vessicle or Bulla

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2
Q

what is the diff. b/t vesicle and bulla

A

vessicle is < 1cm

Bulla is > 1 cm

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3
Q

What are the 4 causes of vesicle or bulla formation

A
  1. Autoimmune dz
  2. viral inection
  3. Chemical irritants
  4. Burn
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4
Q

Vesicles and bullas are part of which pathologica process?

A
  1. Degeneration/ necrosis

2. Inflammation and repair

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of vesicle

A
  1. subcorneal
  2. suprabasal
  3. subepidermal
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6
Q

What forms the roof of a subcorneal vesicle

A

stratum corneum

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7
Q

what forms the roof of a suprabasal vesicle

A

epidermis

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8
Q

what forms the roof of a subepidermal vesicle

A

entire epidermis

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9
Q

palpable elevation filled with pus

A

Pustule

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10
Q

What pathologic process is a pustule?

A

Inflammation and repair

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11
Q

What causes pustule formation

A

leukocyte infiltrate

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12
Q

What is the common term for a pustule

A

acne

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13
Q

Dried exudate, serum, blood, and scale that is adhered to the skin surface

A

Crust

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14
Q

Crust is part of what pathologic processes

A
  1. Degeneration and necrosis
  2. Inflammation and repair
  3. Disorders of growth
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15
Q

What are the 3 causes of crust formation

A
  1. Disorders of keratinization
  2. pustular derm.
  3. secondary to ulcers
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16
Q

What is the common term for crust?

A

scab

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17
Q

Palpable, solid, elevated mass less than 1 cm

A

Papules

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18
Q

what are the 4 causes of papules

A
  1. infiltrate of inflam. cells
  2. infiltrate of neoplastic cells
  3. epidermal yperplasia
  4. deposit of mineral
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19
Q

What pathological processes does papules belong to

A
  1. inflammation and repair
  2. disorder of growth
  3. deposits and pigmentation
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20
Q

Papules greater than 1cm

A

Nodules

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21
Q

Coalesced papules

A

Plaques

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22
Q

Loss of epidermis with exposure of dermis

A

ulcer

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23
Q

Ulcers are secondary to waht 4 things?

A
  1. Epidermal necrosis
  2. Inflammation
  3. Infarction
  4. Neoplasia
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24
Q

Ulcers are part of which pathological processes

A
  1. Degeneration and necrosis
  2. Inflammation and repair
  3. Circ. disorders
  4. Disorder of growth
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25
Q

Accumulation of keritinized cells

A

Scale

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26
Q

What are the 2 causes of scale?

A
  1. Disorders of keratinization

2. Chronic derm

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27
Q

Scale is part of which pathological processes

A
  1. Inflam. and repair

2. Disorder of growth

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28
Q

Circ. rim of scale that occurs secondary to rupture of vesicle, pustule, or papule

A

Epidermal collarette

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29
Q

Thickening and hardening of the skin

A

Lichenification

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30
Q

What is the cause of lichenification

A

chronic irritation and inflam

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31
Q

Lichenification belongs to which pathological process

A

Inflammation and repair

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32
Q

What are the Do’s for collecting a skin biopsy

A
  1. biopsy before tx
  2. be gentile
  3. collect multiple samples
  4. include rusts
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33
Q

What are the Don’ts of collecting a skin biopsy

A
  1. surgically prep the site
  2. Grasp with forceps
  3. Biopsy the center of a lesion
  4. hold out on DDx or history
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34
Q

Degeneration/necrotic lesions become _____ overtime

A

inflam. and repair

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35
Q

What type of disorders typically lead to degeneration and necrosis

A

primary circ. disorders

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36
Q

What is the pathogenesis of photosensitization

A
  1. Uv light absorbed by photodynamic skin chemicals
  2. free radical dam.
  3. epidermal necrossis of lightly pigmented or sparsely haired skin
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37
Q

What are the two types of primary photosensitization

A
  1. Type 1 (exogenous)

2. Type 2 (Intrinsic)

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38
Q

What causes type 1 photosensitization

A

drugs or plants containing photosensitive chemicals

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39
Q

What causes type 2 photosensitization

A

Inherited deficiency of proporphyrinogen III cosynthetase which causes defect in heme synthesis and buildup of porphyrins

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40
Q

What are the two types of photosensitization

A

primary and secondary

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41
Q

What is the cause of secondary photosensitization

A

poor hepatic clearance of phylloerythrin

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42
Q

Toxins from secondary photosensitization cause what

A

biliary obstruction

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43
Q

Acute UV light exposure

A

Solar injury (sunburn)

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44
Q

Chronic UV light exposure leads to ____

A

solar/actinic keratosis

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45
Q

What is the Mdx of solar/actinic keratosis

A

Epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis and elastosis

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46
Q

Caused by exposure to excessive heat, hot liquids, heating pads, blow dryers, lighting.

A

thermal burns

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47
Q

What are the 3 degrees of thermal burns

A
  1. 1st degree
  2. second degree
  3. 3rd degree
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48
Q

what are the characteristics of 1st degree burn

A
  1. epidermis
  2. reddening necrotic epidermis
  3. complete healing
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49
Q

What are the characteristics of 2nd degree burns

A
  1. epidermis and dermis
  2. vesicle formation
  3. Some adnexa are preserved allowing epidermal regen. with some scaring
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50
Q

What are the characteristics of 3rd degree burn?

A
  1. full thickness
  2. sloughing of necrotic tisssue followed by granulation
  3. scar
  4. life threatening
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51
Q

Caused by body or wound seccretions, application of drugs, exposure to acids, alkalies, soaps, detergents or irritant plants

A

Chemical burns

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52
Q

Erythema mltiforme and toxic epidermal necrolysis patho. is thought to involve type __ hypersens.

A

4

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53
Q

Erythema multiform or Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

more severe, sheets of apoptotic/necrotic cells resembling a burn

A

TEN

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54
Q

Erythema multiform or Toxic epidermal necrolysis?

Milder, single cell apoptosis +/- lymphocyte satellitosis

A

EM

55
Q

Burns are part of what pathological process

A

Degeneration and necrosis

56
Q

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. erythema
  2. Edema
  3. Exudate
  4. Heat
  5. Pain
    6 Itching
57
Q

If there are ______ or _____ there is an inflam. component to the lesion

A

pustules or crust

58
Q

Immune mediated inflammatory lesions cause what?

A

Depigmentation

59
Q

What are the early features of dermatitis

A
  1. Edema
  2. Erythema
  3. +/- pustules, crust, vesicles
60
Q

What are the late features of dermatitis

A
  1. Scaling
  2. Change in oiliness
  3. Ulceration
  4. Alopecia
  5. Lichenification
  6. Pigmentary change
  7. Fibrosis/scaring
61
Q

What are the 6 pathological processes of inflam. and repair

A
  1. Suppurative
  2. Proliferative
  3. Vesicular
  4. Granulomatous
  5. Eosinophilic
  6. Interface
62
Q

What is suppurative derm. caused by?

A

Bacterial, Autoimmune

63
Q

What is proliferative derm caused by?

A

viral

64
Q

What is vesicular derm caused by?

A

viral, auto immune

65
Q

What is granulomatous derm caused by?

A

Bacteria, fungal, foreign substance

66
Q

What is eosinophilic derm. caused by?

A

allergy

parasites

67
Q

What is interface derm caused by?

A

Autoimmune

68
Q

pus in the skin

A

pyoderma

69
Q

what are the two categories of pyoderma

A
  1. Superficial

2. Deep

70
Q

What is superfical pyoderma

A

epidermis and hair follicles

71
Q

What is deep pyoderma

A

Deep dermis

72
Q

greasy pig dz is what type of pyoderma

A

Superficial

73
Q

Abscesses are which type of pyoderma

A

Deep

74
Q

What are the portals for bacterial infections of the skin

A
  1. pores
  2. hematogenous spread
  3. direct entry though damaged skin
75
Q

What are the predisposing factors bacterial infections of the skin

A
  1. Disorders of keritinization
  2. Immunodeficiency
  3. Anatomic predisposition
76
Q

What are some reasons that bacterial skin infections are common in dogs

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. lack of lipid seal of hair follicles
  3. high skin pH
77
Q

What is the most likely culprit of bacterial skin infections of dogs

A

Staph spp

78
Q

what is impetigo

A

superficial pustular dermatitis

79
Q

T/F. impetigo is fatal in puppies

A

F. normal

80
Q

What is intertrigo

A

skin fold pyoderma

81
Q

What is polymelia

A

multiple limbs

82
Q

What is the pathogenesis of intertrigo

A

Close skin, frictional trauma, moisture, opportunistic bacterial infections

83
Q

What is pyotraumatic dermatitis?

A

hot spots

84
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pyotraumatic derm

A

self trauma leading to bacterial inf.

85
Q

What do hotspots look like grossly

A

moist alopecic slightly raised well-circumscribed lesions with ulceration and crusting

86
Q

what is an ex. of exudative epidermitis

A

Greasy pig dz

87
Q

What bacteria causes greasy pig dz

A

staph. hyicus

88
Q

What is dermatophilosis caused by

A

D. congolensis

89
Q

What are the predisposing factors for Dermatophilosis

A

wet, humid, environ

90
Q

What is canine superficial spreading pyoderma

A

secondary condition

bacterial infection of superfical follicles and adj skin

91
Q

What are two DDx for Canine superficial pyoderma

A
  1. Dermatophytosis (ring worm)

2. Demodicosis

92
Q

What are the 4 ways you can dx Canine superficial spreding pyoderma

A
  1. Cytology
  2. Woods lamp
  3. Fungal culture
  4. Skin scraping
93
Q

What will you see on cytology of Canine superficial pyoderma?

A

Neutrophils with cocci

94
Q

What are the two conditions that are grossly indistinguasable from Canine superficial spreading pyoderma

A
  1. Demodicosis

2. Dermatophytosis

95
Q

What causes demodicosis

A

Demodex spp.

96
Q

What are the two forms of demodicosis in dogs

A
  1. Localized form: face and forlegs of young dogs

2. Generalized form: often associated with systemic dz

97
Q

What causes dermatophytosis?

A

Epidermophyton, microsporum, and trichophyton spp. (fungi)

98
Q

how is Dermatophytosis spread?

A

contact with scales shed from infected ans.

99
Q

Where does the fungi that causes dermatophytosis colonize

A

keratin

100
Q

T/F The fungi tkhat cause dermatophytosis must invade the tissue in order to colonize

A

F

101
Q

What are the 2 predisposing factors of Dermatophytosis infection

A
  1. Yound/immunocomp.

2. hot/humid environ

102
Q

If there is a leukocyte infiltrate of the epidermis, what pathological process are we dealing with

A

Inflammatory

103
Q

Pemphigus is a group of autoimmuone diseases involving which type of hypersens.?

A

Type 2 against cell adhesion proteins

104
Q

What is the most common form of pemphigus?

A

P. foliaceous

105
Q

What is the sequence of lesions in pox viruses

A
  1. macule
  2. papule
  3. vesicle
  4. pustule
  5. crust
  6. scar
106
Q

Poxviruses have a gene whose product is similar to ____ causing _____

A

epidermal GF

causing Epidermal hyperplasia

107
Q

What are the two non infectious granulomatous diseases

A
  1. idiopathic sterile granuloma and pyogranuloma syndrome
108
Q

A puppy presents to you with pustules, nodules, swelling of the face, ears and mucocutaneous junctions what does he have?

A

puppy strangles

juvenile steril granulomatous derm

109
Q

What is the common name for fungal derm?

A

swamp cancer

110
Q

What is the MDx of fungal dermatitis

A

Granulomatous dermatitis

111
Q

How do dogs get Actinomycete mycetomas

A

bacteria introduced by traumatic injury

112
Q

Which bacteria cause Actinomyces mycetoma

A

Nocardia

Actinomyces

113
Q

What is the MDx of Actinomycete Mycetoma

A

Pyogranulomatous dermatitis

114
Q

What causes Mycobacterial dermatitis in cats

A

Feline leprosy

mycobacterium lepraemurium

115
Q

T/F. the best way to dx. mycobacterial derm. in cats is to do cytology

A

F. does not grow in culture

116
Q

What causes mycobacterial Dermatitis in dogs

A

Saprophytic mycobacterium

117
Q

how is saprophytic mycobacterium transmitted to dogs?

A

fly bites

118
Q

What is the common term for acral lick dermatitis

A

Lick granuloma

119
Q

What causes lick granulomas

A

persisten licking and chewing

120
Q

What is the MDX of lick granulomas

A

Dermal fibrosis and epidermal hyperplasia

121
Q

What are he 4 categories of allergic dkin dz

A
  1. atopy
  2. food allergy
  3. Contact hypersens.
  4. Insect bite
122
Q

What type of hyper sens. is atopy

A

type 1 to environmental allergens

123
Q

Contact derm. is what type of hypersens

A

type 4, exposure via direct conact

124
Q

Insect bite hypersens. can be either type __ or __

A

1 or 4

125
Q

What causes insect bite hypersens. in horses

A

Culicoides saliva

126
Q

What causes insect bite hypersens in dogs

A

Flea saliva

127
Q

what causes insect bite sens. in cats

A

Mosquito saliva

flea saliva

128
Q

What is miliary dermatitis in cats?

A

Not a dz, but a pattern of lesions

small crusty erythematous papules

seen in cats with allergic skin dz

129
Q

What is eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats

A

Not a dz, a pattern of lesions

130
Q

What is the mdx of eosinophilic granuloma complex

A

ulcerative dermatitis/cheilitis

131
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma complex ulcers on upper lips

A

indolent ulcer

132
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma complex: discrete red to ulcerated plaques on abdomen or medial thighs

A

Eosinophilic plaque

133
Q

Eosinophilic granuloma complex: nodules on thighs, face, or mouth

A

Eosinophilic granules

Pathology 1 (19 decks)

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