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Pharmacology II > Exam 3: Antineoplastic agents pt. 2 > Flashcards

Exam 3: Antineoplastic agents pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain what Platinum complexes are and their action

A
  • Platinum ions surrounded by chloride ions
  • (B) Inhibit DNA synthesis and repair
    • Induces cell death via apoptosis or necrosis
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2
Q

Name the drugs considered Platinum complexes and what cancers they treat

A
  1. (B) carboplatin (Paraplatin)
    a. Small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancer
  2. (B) cisplatin (Platinol)
    a. Bladder, testicular, ovarian, head and neck cancer
  3. Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
    a. Advanced colon and advanced rectal cancer
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3
Q

Platinum based chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of what cancers?

A
  1. Gynecologic
  2. Bladder
  3. Testicular (metastatic disease)
  4. Lung
  5. Central nervous system
  6. Head and Neck cancers (Squamous cell)
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4
Q

List the Platinum-derived compound toxicities

A
  • Myelosuppression
  • Nephrotoxicity
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Ototoxicity
  • Nausea/vomiting
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5
Q

Which chemotherapy drug is derived from periwinkle plant?

A

Vinca Alkyloids

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6
Q

Action of Vinca Alkyloids

A

(B) Inhibit mitotic division by interfering with microtubular proteins involved in the formation of mitotic spindles

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7
Q

Are Vinca Alkyloids cell-cycle specific or non-specific?

A
  • Cell Cycle Specific

- (B) **M and S phases

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8
Q

Name the drugs considered Vinca Alkyloids

A
  1. (B) Vinblastine (Valban)

2. (B) Vincristine (Oncovin)

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9
Q

What cancers are treated with vinca alkyloids?

A
  • Hodgkin’s lymphoma, other lymphomas
  • Breast cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma
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10
Q

Are there side effects with vinca alkyloids?

A
  • Yes, high incidence of side effects

- Neurotoxicity = may cause hearing loss (ototoxic)

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11
Q

Are Hormonal Agents cell-cycle specific or non-specific?

A
  • Cell-cycle specific

- **G phase interruption

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12
Q

Name the hormonal agents used for chemotherapy?

A
  1. Estrogens
  2. Androgens
  3. Progestins
  4. Glucocorticoids
  5. antiestrogens
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13
Q

What cancers do Estrogens treat?

A

Prostate and mammary CA

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14
Q

Name the estrogen preparations used in chemotherapy

A

ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl, Feminone)

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15
Q

What cancers do Androgens treat

A

Mammary CA in premenopausal women

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16
Q

Name the Androgen preparations used in chemotherapy

A
  1. testosterone proprionate (Testrx)

2. fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)

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17
Q

What cancers do Progestins treat

A

renal and endometrial CA

18
Q

Name the Progestin preparations used in chemotherapy

A
  1. medroxyprogesterone (Depo-Provera)

2. megestrol (Megace)

19
Q

What cancers do Glucocorticoids treat?

A

hematologic
lymphomas
bone metastases
immunosuppression for organ transplantation

20
Q

Name the glucocorticoid preparations used in chemotherapy

A

Prednisone (Prednisone Intensol, Sterapred)

21
Q

Explain the anti tumor effects of glucocorticoids

A

These effects may be related to inhibition of glucose transport, phosphorylation, or induction of cell death in immature lymphocytes

22
Q

What cancers does tamoxifen (Nolvadex) treat

A

(It is an anti estrogen)

- Breast CA treatment and prevention

23
Q

Describe the mechanism of action of tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

A
  • Competitively binds to estrogen receptors on tumors and other target tissues
  • Decreases DNA synthesis and inhibits estrogen effects
24
Q

Is tamoxifen cell-cycle specific or non-specific?

A

Cell-cycle specific

- **G0 and G1 phases

25
Q

Is tamoxifen cytocidal or cytostatic?

A

Cytostatic

26
Q

Name the adverse effects of tamoxifen

A 
Uterine cancer
stroke
pulmonary emboli
liver problems
osteoporosis
27
Q

Describe the function of Antibiotics in chemotherapy

A

Cytotoxins bind with DNA to inhibit cell division

28
Q

Are antibiotics cell-cycle specific or non-specific

A

Attack cells in different phases

  • Non-cell cycle specific
  • Cell cycle specific
29
Q

Antibiotics are most effective for what cancers?

A

Solid mass tumors

30
Q

Name the selected agents used to treat chemotherapy classified as antibiotics

A
  1. bleomycin (Blenoxane)
  2. doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
  3. daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome)
31
Q

What cancers does bleomycin treat?

A

Squamous cell CA
Testicular tumor
Lymphomas

32
Q

Is bleomycin cell-cycle specific or non-specific

A

Cell cycle specific

- *** G2, M phases

33
Q

doxorubican treats what cancers?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma, advanced breast and ovarian CA

34
Q

mechanism of action for doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

A

inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis

35
Q

Is doxorubicin (Adriamycin) cell-cycle specific or non-specific

A

Cell cycle specific

- S phase

36
Q

daunorubicin citrate (DaunoXome) treats what cancers?

A

*** (B) HIV-associated Kaposi’s Sarcoma

37
Q

Action of thalidomide (Thalomid)

A

Angiogenesis inhibitor
Immunosuppresant
TNF blocking agent

(multiple mechanisms of action)

38
Q

Indications for thalidomide

A
  • Leprosy
  • Investigational for:
    • (B) Multiple myeloma
    • Crohn’s disease
    • graft versus host disease
    • (B) AIDS-related aphthous lesions
39
Q

thalidomide is famous for what fact from it’s history?

A

Drug from 1950’s for morning sickness, sedation

= All first generation offspring had major limb defects

40
Q

thalidomide is the classic model drug for what?

A

teratogenesis

41
Q

Systemic effects of chemotherapy

A
  1. Suppression of bone marrow
  2. GI disturbances
  3. Dermatological reactions
  4. Hepatotoxicity
  5. Neurotoxicity
  6. Nephrotoxicity
  7. Immune deficiencies
  8. Infertility
42
Q

Name the oral manifestations of Chemotherapy

A
  1. Oral complications cause great discomfort
  2. Interfere with eating, drinking, swallowing, talking, etc.
  3. Painful
  4. Secondary infection risk concern

Pharmacology II (24 decks)

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