Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Medicine > Exam #3: Breast & Axillae > Flashcards

Exam #3: Breast & Axillae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general breast cancer risk factors categories?

A
  • Modifiable (cannot be changed)
  • Non-modifiable ( can be changed)
  • Uncertain, Controversial, or Unproven
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tanner Stages of Breast Development

A

1) Tanner I
2) Tanner II
3) Tanner III
4) Tanner IV
5) Tanner V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the onset of breast development occur?

A
  • 1 year prior to the onset of pubic hair development
  • 2 years prior to menarche
  • Complete process usually occurs over a 4 year period
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tanner I

A
  • Prepubertal

- Elevation of papilla only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tanner II

A
  • Breast Bud Stage
  • Elevation of breast & papilla as a small mound
  • Enlargement of the diameter of areola
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tanner III

A

Further enlargement of the breast and arerola with no separation of the contours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tanner IV

A

Areola projected above level of breast as a secondary mound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tanner V

A
  • Mature Stage
  • Recession of areola mount to the general contour of the breast
  • Projection of papilla only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 D’s related to nipples?

A
  • Discharge
  • Depression or Inversion
  • Discoloration
  • Dermatological changes
  • Deviation (compare to the opposite side)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the red flags of a breast examination?

A
  • Skin changes (Peau d’orange)
  • Dimpling
  • Hard & immobilize mass (pebble)
  • Painless lump
  • “Outie nipple transitioning to Innie”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the best method for a breast examination?

A

Vertical Method (like a lawn-mower)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Colostrum

A

clear or milky fluid that is expressed from the breast before milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Galactorrea

A

Lactation not associated with childbearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Abnormal large mammary glands in the male; sometimes may excrete milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lactation

A

Production & secretion of milk from the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mastodynia

A

Pain in the breast

18
Q

Non-modifiable Risk Factors Breast Cancer

A
  • Gender, 100x more likely in women
  • Age, MOST IMPORTANT, 55>
  • Genetic, BRCA1/2
  • Family History, first degree increases 2x, 2x first degree= 5x
  • Personal History
  • Race
  • Dense Breast Tissue
  • Previous Chest Radiation
  • DES (Diethylstilbesterol) Exposure
  • Menstrual Periods
  • Certain Benign Breast Conditions
  • Lobular Carcinoma in situ
19
Q

Modifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

A
  • Postmenopausal Obesity
  • Exercise, lack of physical activity
  • Alcohol
  • Hormone Replacement
  • Recent Oral Contraceptive Use
  • Childbirth, breast feeding reduces risk of breast cancer
20
Q

Outline the early detection plan.

A

1) Women >40, yearly mammogram if in good health
2) Clinical Breast Examination (20-39=Q3years, 40+=annual)
3) Breast Self-Examination (20+)
4) High Risk Women (MRI & Mammogram annually)
5) Moderate Risk Women (talk w/ provider about the benefits of MRI)

21
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a fibrocystic breast mass?

A
  • 20-50 years
  • Usually bilateral
  • Multiple or single
  • Round
  • Soft to firm; usually elastic
  • Mobile
  • No retraction
  • Often tender
  • Well defined borders
  • Variation w/ menses
22
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a Fibroedenoma?

A
  • 15-25 years & 55+
  • Usually bilateral
  • Single; may be multiple
  • Round, disc like, or lobular
  • Usually firm, ruberry
  • Very mobile
  • No retraction
  • Usually nontender
  • Well defined border
  • No variation with menses
23
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of breast cancer?

A
  • 30-90 years, most common
24
Q

What are normal changes that occur with menstruation?

A
  • Enlargement
  • DO NOT examine breasts at this time
  • Best time to evaluate is 5-7 days after the onset of menses
25
Q

What are normal changes that occur with pregnancy?

A
  • Fuller & more firm
  • Nipple changes
  • Colostrum in 3rd trimester
26
Q

What are important PROS questions relating to breast complaints?

A
  • Presence of a mass
  • Breast pain
  • Nipple discharge
  • Recent trauma
27
Q

Areola

A

pigmented area surrounding the nipple

28
Q

Colostrum

A

a clear or milky fluid that is expressed from the breast before milk production

29
Q

Cooper Ligaments

A

a band of subcutaneous fibrous tissue that provides support to the breast

30
Q

Duct Ectasia

A

benign condition of the subareolar ducts that can cause a nipple discharge

31
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

benign tumor of the breast

32
Q

Fibrocystic Disease

A

benign condition that presents with fluid-filled cyst due to ductal enlargement that is usually seen bilaterally & multiple

33
Q

Galactorrhea

A

lactation not associated with childbearing

34
Q

Gynecomastia

A
  • abnormally large mammary glands in the male

- sometimes may secrete milk

35
Q

Intraductal papillomas

A

benign tumors of the subareolar ducts that produce a nipple discharge

36
Q

Mastitis

A

inflammation of the breast

37
Q

Mastodynia

A

pain in the breast

38
Q

Montgomery follicles

A

tiny sebaceous glands that may appear on the areola

39
Q

Paget Disease

A

skin manifestations that are indicative of ductal carcinoma

40
Q

Peau d’ orange

A

skin changes of the breast due to edema caused by blockage of the lymph drainage associated with inflammatory breast cancer

41
Q

Tail of Spence

A

area where most malignancies of the breast tissue occur

42
Q

Thelarche

A

beginning of female pubertal breast development

Clinical Medicine (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions