Exam 3: Lower limb contd lecture ii

Question 1

tibial nerve: a terminal branch of the _ nerve

Answer 1

sciatic

Question 2

tibial nerve: near the medial _, divides into the medial and lateral _ nerves

Answer 2

medial malleolus, plantar nerves

Question 3

tibial nerve: one of its branches, the _ nerve, contributes to the sural nerve, which supplies some of the skin of the _ and _

Answer 3

medial sural cutaneous nerve, some skin of the foot and skin of the lateral and posterior part of inferior leg

Question 4

posterior tibial artery: a terminal branch of the _ artery

Answer 4

popliteal artery

Question 5

posterior tibial artery: runs alongside _ nerve

Answer 5

tibial

Question 6

posterior tibial artery: supplies _ compartment and _

Answer 6

posterior compartment and foot

Question 7

posterior tibial artery: inferiorly, divides in the _ and _ arteries, the arteries of the sole of the foot

Answer 7

medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 8

plantar fascia: the _ fascia of the sole

Answer 8

deep

Question 9

plantar fascia: holds foot together, help protect sole, and helps support the _ of the foot

Answer 9

longitudinal arches

Question 10

plantar aponeurosis: formed by the central part of the _ fascia

Answer 10

plantar fascia

Question 11

plantar aponeurosis: arises from (bone)

Answer 11

calcaneus

Question 12

plantar aponeurosis: divides distally into 5 bands that become continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths that enclose the _

Answer 12

flexor tendons to the toes

Question 13

medial longitudinal arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)

Answer 13

posterior to anterior

Question 14

lateral longitudinal arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)

Answer 14

posterior to anterior

Question 15

transverse arch: runs _ to _ (anatomical position)

Answer 15

medial to lateral

Question 16

the plantar aponeurosis, _ ligament, and _ ligament are very important in maintaining the arches

Answer 16

long plantar ligament, and short plantar ligament

Question 17

foot: compartments of the sole: all foot muscles are contained w/in 4 (or 5 depending on whether one “counts” the dorsal) compartments: _, _, _, and _

Answer 17

medial, central, lateral, and interosseous

Question 18

foot: compartments of the sole: the interosseous compartment is present only in the _ and contains the _

Answer 18

forefoot, metatarsals

Question 19

foot: muscles: of the 20 individual muscles of the foot, most are located on the _ aspect, followed by _ position where the least are on the _ aspect

Answer 19

plantar aspect (14) followed by (4) in the intermediate position then dorsal aspect (2)

Question 20

foot: muscles: most of these muscles fcn to
a. maintain the foot’s arches
b. refine the efforts of the long muscles (esp in producing pronation and supination to enable the foot to adjust to uneven ground)
c. and/or flex, extend, abduct, or adduct one or more toes
d. all of the above

Answer 20

d

Question 21

foot: muscles: they are innervated by the _ and _ nerves

Answer 21

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 22

dorsalis pedis artery: terminal branch of _ artery

Answer 22

anterior tibial artery

Question 23

dorsalis pedis artery: its branches include the _ btwn toes 1 and 2, which enters the sole

Answer 23

deep plantar artery

Question 24

hip joint: classification

Answer 24

synovial, ball and socket

Question 25

hip joint: articulating surfaces: head of femur and

Answer 25

lunate surface of acetabulum of hip bone

Question 26

hip joint: _ ligament bridges the gap (acetabular notch) in the lunate surface to form a complete "socket"

Answer 26

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 27

hip joint: formed of a loose external _ layer that runs from near the acetabulum to the femoral neck, and an internal _ membrane

Answer 27

loose external fibrous layer (fibrous capsule) and an internal synovial membrane

Question 28

hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: _ side of joint

Answer 28

anterior

Question 29

hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: origin

Answer 29

from anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim

Question 30

hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: prevents _ by screwing the femoral head into the acetabulum during extension

Answer 30

joint hyperextension

Question 31

hip joint: intrinsic ligaments of the joint capsule: iliofemoral ligament: insertion

Answer 31

to intertrochanteric line

Question 32

hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: origin

Answer 32

from the edge of the acetabular notch

Question 33

hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: insertion

Answer 33

to the femoral fovea for the ligament of the head

Question 34

hip joint: ligament of the head of the femur: fat pad: fills part of the _

Answer 34

acetabulum

Question 35

hip joint: movements: hip movements are (4)

Answer 35

1. flexion-extension 2. abduction-adduction 3. medial-lateral rotation 4. circumduction

Question 36

hip joint: movements: movements of the trunk at the hip joints are also important t/f

Answer 36

true; ex sit-ups

Question 37

hip joint: movements: the degree of flexion/extension depends partly on

Answer 37

whether the knee is flexed

Question 38

hip joint: movements: during hip extension, the taut iliofemoral ligament means that only _ is possible

Answer 38

slight hyperextension

Question 39

hip joint: movements: lateral hip rotation is less powerful than medial rotation t/f

Answer 39

false; MORE POWERFUL

Question 40

hip joint: movements: _ is the strongest hip flexor

Answer 40

iliopsoas

Question 41

hip joint: movements: _ is the primary hip extensor (at least from the flexed to the anatomical position; beyond that the hamstrings provide extension)

Answer 41

gluteus maximus

Question 42

knee joint: classification

Answer 42

synovial, hinge (primarily)

Question 43

knee joint: actually involves _ articulations (none involving the fibula)

Answer 43

3 articulations

Question 44

knee joint: _ = articulation btwn lateral and medial femoral and tibial condyles

Answer 44

(2 of 3 articulations) lateral and medial femorotibial articulation

Question 45

knee joint: _= articulation btwn patella and femur

Answer 45

(1 of 3 articulations) femoropatellar articulation

Question 46

knee joint: _ plays a large role in stabilizing the joint

Answer 46

quadriceps femoris

Question 47

knee joint: an infrapatellar fat pad (not contained w/in the synovial-fluid-filled _, or joint, _) is present _ to the patella

Answer 47

(articular, or joint, cavity); posterior to patella

Question 48

knee joint: joint capsule: formed of an external fibrous layer (fibrous capsule) that attaches to _ superiorly and _ inferiorly, and an internal _ membrane

Answer 48

femur superiorly, tibia inferiorly, internal synovial membrane

Question 49

knee joint: joint capsule: posteriorly, the fibrous capsule contains a gap to allow passage of _ tendon

Answer 49

popliteus tendon

Question 50

knee joint: joint capsule: anteriorly, it is replaced by the _ tendon, patella, and _ ligament

Answer 50

quadriceps tendon, patella, and patellar ligament

Question 51

knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: the distal part of the _ tendon

Answer 51

quadriceps femoris tendon

Question 52

knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: from _ to _

Answer 52

from patella to tibial tuberosity

Question 53

knee joint: extracapsular ligaments: patellar ligament: laterally it receives the _, which are aponeurotic expansions of the vastus medialis and lateralis and overlying fascia

Answer 53

medial and lateral patellar retinacula