Exam 3.1

Question 1

Mental illness

Answer 1

Leading cause of disability in north America and Europe, refers collectively to all diagnosable mental disorders

Question 2

Mental health

Answer 2

State of successful performance of mental function

Question 3

Mental disorders

Answer 3

Health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning

Question 4

Causes of mental disorders

Answer 4

Poor prenatal care, stress, trauma, disease, nutrition deficiency, maladaptive family functioning

Question 5

Stress

Answer 5

Psychological and physiological response to stressors

Question 6

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 6

Normal level of resistance vs. stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 7

Avoiding stressful situations is preferable to

Answer 7

Managing stress

Question 8

Mental health is

Answer 8

one of the most pervasive health problems in the US

Question 9

Mental health care in colonial America

Answer 9

care by families or private caretakers

Question 10

Mental health care in the 18th century

Answer 10

institutionalization first appeared, care in undifferentiated poorhouses or almshouses alongside people with non-mental disorder diagnosis

Question 11

Mental health care in early 19th century

Answer 11

first efforts to separate people based on type of disability

Question 12

The Moral treatment era

Answer 12

began in 1972, belief that environmental changes could affect the mind and alter behavior, people removed from everyday life and stressors of home, given asylum in country environment, initially deemed successful, overcrowding

Question 13

State hospitals

Answer 13

built but deterioration of services occured as chronic nature of mental illness was discovered, long term or lifetime stays were the norm, capacities quickly reached, personalized care lost, restraints more practical, staff turnover high, 1940 population nearly half a million, many elderly, budget cuts led to crowding and subsistence care, lobotomies practiced

Question 14

Dorothea Dix

Answer 14

advocated for public hospitals providing decent care for indigents with mental illness

Question 15

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 15

introduced in 1939, still used today

Question 16

National Mental Health Act of 1946

Answer 16

established National Institute of Mental Health, foster and aid research of neuropsychiatric disorders, provide training and award fellowships and grants for work in mental health, aid states in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

Question 17

Deinstitutionalization

Answer 17

discharging of tens of thousands of patients from state hospitals and the resettling and maintaining of those persons in less restrictive community settings, began in early 1950s, not preplanned policy, propelled by economics, idealism, legal considerations, and discovery of antipsychotic drugs

Question 18

Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Act

Answer 18

funding to establish fully staffed, fulltime community mental health centers across US, core services: outpatient services, 24 hour emergency care, day treatment or partial hospitalization, screenings

Question 19

Mental health care concerns in America today

Answer 19

significant improvements in treatment and supports for people with serious mental illness

Question 20

Challenges of mental health care today

Answer 20

continued absence of a comprehensive, coordinated system, deinstitutionalization, homelessness

Question 21

Deinstitutionalization equals

Answer 21

trans-insitiutionalization to prisons, jails and nursing homes

Question 22

Serious mental illness and homelessness

Answer 22

2.1 million Americans a year, about half have substance abuse disorders, major depression and other co-occuring mental illness, need safe, affordable housing, successful interventions require provision of housing that individuals choose and want to live in, and needed services

Question 23

The new asylums

Answer 23

jails and prisons

Question 24

Prevalence of serious mental illness in jails

Answer 24

15% of state and federal inmates, 24% in local jails

Question 25

Challenges of treatment in US prisons

Answer 25

overcrowding, lake of adequate space to offer treatment, lack of qualified treatment personnel, lack of timely access to services, more likely to commit crime if untreated once released back into community

Question 26

Primary prevention of mental health problems

Answer 26

reduces the incidence of mental illness and related problems, high quality early education to economically disadvantaged preschool children and support to their families

Question 27

Secondary prevention of mental health problems

Answer 27

reduces the prevalence but not incidence of mental illness, cognitive skills training to reduce prevalence of PTSD, employee assistance programs

Question 28

Tertiary treatment of mental health problems

Answer 28

reduce symptoms, improve personal and social functioning, develop and strengthen coping skills, promote behaviors that improve life

Question 29

Psychotherapy

Answer 29

Tx through verbal communication to resolve issues and problems, family, couple, individual, psychodynamic and supportive therapy, patient learns skills to modify thinking and behavior

Question 30

Psychopharmacology

Answer 30

treatment with medications

Question 31

Psychiatric rehabilitation

Answer 31

intensive individualized services encompassing treatment, rehab, and support delivered by a team of providers over an indefinite period to individuals with severe mental disorders to help them maintain stable lives in the community

Question 32

Recovery from mental issues

Answer 32

progress toward financial and residential independence, managing symptoms effectively, satisfaction with life, basic personhood, mental and physical well-being, supportive relationships, opportunities to spend time productively, self-determination

Question 33

Mental health care system in US

Answer 33

faces challenges, multiple services needed, but some unavailable in some locations, stigmatization of individuals and their family members, decentralized and fragmented (avoids bureaucracy), few resources for rural and low-income counties, lack of adherence to treatment, drop out rates

Question 34

Medicaid for mental health

Answer 34

pays more than half of government funded mental health care

Question 35

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act of 2008

Answer 35

requires that if health care coverage includes mental health or substance abuse disorders, there must be parity with physical disorders in any limitations or restrictions

Question 36

ACA and mental health

Answer 36

expands eligibility for medicaid whose income is less than 133% of poverty, medicaid required to cover mental health and substance abuse disorder services at parity with medical-surgical benefits, shifts huge new costs to states already struggling, does nothing to expand the number of practitioners

Question 37

There are nearly 500,000

Answer 37

mentally ill being held in jails and prisons throughout America

Question 38

Failure in society

Answer 38

no safety net for all the persons no longer being treated by mental health agencies, now in prisons instead of state mental hospitals

Question 39

Prison population

Answer 39

at risk in institutions and when they leave

Question 40

16% of prisoners

Answer 40

have been diagnosed with mental illness

Question 41

In Ohio, mentally ill inmates

Answer 41

separated from general population and housed in mental health units where treated

Question 42

More deaths, illnesses, and disabilities attributed to

Answer 42

Abuse of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs than any other preventable disease

Question 43

Drug

Answer 43

Substance other than food or vitamins that, when taken in small quantities, alter one's physical, mental, or emotional state

Question 44

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 44

Alter sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior

Question 45

Drug misuse

Answer 45

Inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs

Question 46

Drug abuse

Answer 46

Taking of a drug for a non-medically approved purpose, continued use of a legal drug with the knowledge that it is hazardous, underage use

Question 47

Drug dependence

Answer 47

When one believes that a particular drug is necessary for normal functioning

Question 48

Dosage

Answer 48

The amount of a drug that is administered

Question 49

Segregation

Answer 49

probably the worst thing that can happen to mentally ill inmates

Question 50

Isolation

Answer 50

increases the risk of becoming mentally ill, makes mentally ill worse