Exam 4

Question 1

Involved in DNA replication. The enzyme repairs small beaks in the phosphate-sugar backbone of DNA. it joints the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand of the DNA.

Answer 1

DNA ligase

Question 2

Involved in DNA replication. This enzyme releases the tension in the parental DNA molecule caused by an unwinding at the replication fork

Answer 2

Topoismerase

Question 3

Involved in DNA replication. This enzyme make a small RNA molecule that is known as a primer. DNA polymerase cab begin synthesizing DNA by adding dNTPs on the 3’ end of the primer

Answer 3

Primase

Question 4

Involved in DNA replication. This enzyme unwinds the two strands of DNA at replication fork.

Answer 4

Helicase

Question 5

Involved in DNA replication. This protein binds to the DNA strands after the helicase unwinds it to prevent the unwind DNA strands from coming back together

Answer 5

Single-strand binding proteins.

Question 6

Involved in DNA replication. This enzyme adds dNTPs to the 3’ end of a newly synthesized DNA chain. The dNTP added (either dATP, dTTP, dCTP, or dGTP) is the one that base-pairs with the nucleotide on the template strand. _____________ pauses ever time it adds a nucleotide to double-check if the correct nucleotide is added. If the wrong nucleotide is added, it can back-space and cut out the incorrect nucleotide.

Answer 6

DNA polymerase

Question 7

Involved in DNA replication. This strand of DNA is synthesized in short segments. The 3’ end of the newly synthesized DNA molecule faces away from the direction the replication for is opening up

Answer 7

lagging strand

Question 8

Involved in DNA replication. These are the short strands of newly synthesized DNA on the lagging strand.

Answer 8

Okazaki fragments

Question 9

Involved in DNA replication. This sequence of DNA nucleotides where DNA begins replication.

Answer 9

Origin of replication

Question 10

Involved in transcription. This enzyme joins NTPs together to make RNA strand. The NTP added either (ATP, UTP, CTP, OR GTP) is the one that base-pairs with nucleotide on the DNA TEMPLATE strand.

Answer 10

RNA polymerase

Question 11

Involved in transcription. This is a sequence of DNA nucleotides where transcription begins.

Answer 11

promoter

Question 12

Made in transcription, used in translation. Contains a series of codons that correspond to a sequence of amino acids in the protein being made

Answer 12

mRNA

Question 13

Made in transcription, used in translation. Is the RNA component of the ribosome.

Answer 13

rRNA

Question 14

Made in transcription, used in translation. Acts as an adapter between mRNA and the protein sequence begin made. Each_______ has an anticodon at one end and a specific amino acid at the other end. The anticodon binds to the codon in mRNA and has the amino acid for which that codon codes at the other end.

Answer 14

tRNA

Question 15

Involved in translation. A large complex of proteins and rRNA. Has two subunits, a large subunit an a small subunit. Is the molecule responsible for catalyzing the formation of the peptide bond between the an amino acid and a protein.

Answer 15

Ribosome

Question 16

Involved in translation. The codon on the mRNA that signals to the ribosome to start translation

Answer 16

start codon

Question 17

Involved in DNA replication. This strand of DNA is synthesized continuously. The 3’ end of the newly-synthesized DNA molecule faces toward the direction the replication is opening up in

Answer 17

leading strand

Question 18

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber, for Prophase I

Answer 18

Nuclear envelope breaks down. Centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell. Spindle forms

Question 19

State of DNA for Prophase I

Answer 19

Pairs of homologous chromosomes condense. (Each homologous chromosome is a pair of sister chromatids)

Question 20

State other events for Prophase I

Answer 20

-Other events- crossing over occurs at chiasmata

Question 21

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber of Metaphase I

Answer 21

-Spindle is fully formed and attached to all pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 22

State of DNA in Metaphase I

Answer 22

-pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 23

what are the other events in Metaphase I

Answer 23

there are none

Question 24

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber for Anaphase I

Answer 24

Spindle elongates

Question 25

State of DNA in Anaphase I

Answer 25

- Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate | - pairs of sister chromatids move to opposite poles

Question 26

What are the other events in Anaphase I

Answer 26

there are none

Question 27

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber for Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Answer 27

spindle disassembles

Question 28

State of DNA in Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Answer 28

DNA may or may not be condensed depending on organism type

Question 29

State the other events in Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Answer 29

Clevage furrow forms and cells divide. | -Nuclear envelope may or may not reform depending on organism type

Question 30

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber in Prophase II

Answer 30

- Nuclear envelopes breaks down (if reformed in Teophase I) - Centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell - Spindle forms

Question 31

State of DNA in Prophase II

Answer 31

Pairs of sister chromatids condense (if they condensed in Telophase I)

Question 32

State of other events in Prophase II

Answer 32

there are none

Question 33

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber in Metaphase II

Answer 33

Spindle is fully formed and attached to all pairs of sister chromatids

Question 34

State of DNA in Metaphase II

Answer 34

Pairs of sister chromatids line up on the metaphase plate

Question 35

State other events that occur in Metaphase II

Answer 35

there are none

Question 36

State of Spindle Poles/Fibers in Anaphase II

Answer 36

Spindle elongates

Question 37

State of DNA in Anaphase II

Answer 37

- Pairs of sister chromatids separate. | - Individual sister chromatids move to opposites poles

Question 38

What are the other events that occur in Anaphase II

Answer 38

there are none

Question 39

State of Spindle Poles/Fiber in Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Answer 39

Spindle disassembles

Question 40

State of DNA in Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Answer 40

DNA de-condenses

Question 41

What are the other events in Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Answer 41

- Cleavage furrow forms and cells divide | - Nuclear envelope reforms

Question 42

Crossing over occurs at chiasmata

Answer 42

other event in Prophase I

Question 43

Cleavage furrow forms and cells divide. Nuclear envelope may or may not reform depending on organism type

Answer 43

other event in Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Question 44

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA chain, and cannot add nucleotides to the 5' end of a DNA chain. Both parental DNA chains are being relocated at each replication fork, but the 3' end of only one newly-synthesized DNA chain is facing the direction the fork is opening. This new DNA strand can be synthesized continuously and is termed the leading strand. The 3' end of the other strand newly-synthesized DNA chain faces the opposite direction and must be synthesized into small pieces this is the lagging strand.

Answer 44

Why leading strand can be synthesized while the lagging strand cannot be synthesized continuously

Question 45

contains the information that is converted to a protein sequence in translation

Answer 45

Messenger RNA or mRNA

Question 46

What is the function of Messenger RNA or mRNA

Answer 46

it contains information that is converted to a protein sequence in translation

Question 47

acts as an adaptor between the mRNA and the amino acids of the protein being synthesized

Answer 47

Transfer RNA or tRNA

Question 48

What is the function of Transfer RNA or tRNA

Answer 48

it acts as an adaptor between the mRNA and the amino acids of the protein being synthesized

Question 49

Nuclear envelope breaks down, centrosomes migrate to the opposite ends of the cell. Spindle forms

Answer 49

Prophase I state of spindle poles/fiber

Question 50

Spindle is fully formed and attached to all pairs of homologous chromosomes

Answer 50

Metaphase I state of spindle poles/fiber

Question 51

spindle elongates

Answer 51

Anaphase I and II state of spindle poles/fiber

Question 52

spindle disassembles

Answer 52

Telophase I & II and cytokinesis state of spindle poles/fiber

Question 53

- nuclear envelopes breaks down if it reformed in Telophase I - centrosomes migrate to opposite ends of the cell - spindle forms

Answer 53

Prophase II state of spindle poles/fiber

Question 54

The spindle is fully formed and attached to all pairs of sister chromatids

Answer 54

Metaphase II state of spindle pole/fiber

Question 55

The new nucleotides added to the growing DNA chain are selected based on base-pairing with old DNA strand being used as a template. Nucleotides that base-pair with the base in the template strand are added at each position of the newly-made DNA strand

Answer 55

How the nucleotide added to the growing DNA chain is selected.

Question 56

The below single strand of DNA is used as template to make an RNA molecule. What is the sequence of the RNA molecule. (Assume transcription starts at the 3' end go the DNA molecule)? Make sure to label the 5' and 3' ends of the RNA molecule. DNA: 3'- ATGGATACCGTTAAAGCTTTAGCATTAAACAGGCCCGGCCCTA-5'

Answer 56

RNA: 5'-UACCUAUGGCCAUUUCGAAAUCGUAAUUUGUCCGGGCCGGGCCGGAU-3'

Question 57

A

Answer 57

U

Question 58

T

Answer 58

A

Question 59

G

Answer 59

C

Question 60

U

Answer 60

A

Question 61

Translate the RNA molecule from #3 into a protein sequence | RNA: 5' - UACCU AUG GCC AUU UCG AAA UCG UAA UUUGUCCGGGCCGGGAU-3'

Answer 61

AUG GCC AUU UCG AAA UCG UAA MET- ALA- ILE - SER- LYS- CYS stop start

Question 62

- Pairs of homologous chromosomes condense | - each homologous chromosomes is a pair of sister chromatids

Answer 62

state of DNA in prophase I

Question 63

Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate

Answer 63

state of DNA in metaphase I

Question 64

- pair of homologous chromosomes separate | - pairs of sister chromatids move to the opposite poles

Answer 64

state of DNA in Anaphase I

Question 65

DNA may or may not de-condense depending on organism type

Answer 65

state of DNA in Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Question 66

Pairs of sister chromatids condense if they de-condense in Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Answer 66

state of DNA in prophase II

Question 67

pairs of sister chromatids line up on the metaphase plate

Answer 67

state of DNA in metaphase II

Question 68

- pairs of sister chromatids separate. | - Individuals sited chromatids move to opposite poles

Answer 68

state of DNA in anaphase II

Question 69

DNA de-condenses

Answer 69

state of DNA in Telophase II and Cytokinesis