Unit 1.4 Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

any carbon-containing liquid, solid or gas especially important for life

Answer 1

organic molecules

Question 2

a molecule that’s built around a carbon backbone

Answer 2

organic molecule

Question 3

any molecule containing carbon except for carbon dioxide

Answer 3

organic molecule

Question 4

study of carbon compounds

Answer 4

organic chemistry

Question 5

has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms

Answer 5

carbon

Question 6

has six electrons, with 2 pairs in the first shell and 4 in the outer shell

Answer 6

carbon

Question 7

in order to fill its valence shell, it needs to share four extra electrons

Answer 7

carbon

Question 8

serves as the basic structural component or backbone of a macromolecule

Answer 8

carbon

Question 9

individual _______ atoms have an incomplete outermost election shell

Answer 9

carbon

Question 10

can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms to satisfy the octet rule

Answer 10

carbon atoms

Question 11

rule that aims are most stable when they hold 8 electrons in their outmost shell

Answer 11

octet rule

Question 12

singly-bondedit is tetrahedral

Answer 12

carbon

Question 13

angles between each bond are roughly 109.5 degrees

Answer 13

carbon

Question 14

single bonds can generally rotate freely

Answer 14

carbon

Question 15

what are carbon molecules linked by

Answer 15

a double bond

Question 16

carbon molecules are flat true or false

Answer 16

true

Question 17

Carbon atoms involved in what type of bond are able to rotate

Answer 17

Single bond

Question 18

atoms that are commonly found in organic molecules are

Answer 18

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

Question 19

the outermost shell of the atom

Answer 19

valance shell

Question 20

how many electron in the valence shell of hydrogen

Answer 20

valence = 1

Question 21

how many electrons in the valence shell of oxygen

Answer 21

valence = 2

Question 22

how many electrons in the valence shell of nitrogen

Answer 22

valence = 3

Question 23

how many electron in the valence shell of carbon

Answer 23

valence = 4

Question 24

H

Answer 24

hydrogen

Question 25

O

Answer 25

oxygen

Question 26

N

Answer 26

nitrogen

Question 27

C

Answer 27

carbon

Question 28

CH4

Answer 28

methane

Question 29

organic molecules consisting entirely of carbon and hydrogen

Answer 29

hydrocarbons

Question 30

methane and propane are examples of

Answer 30

hydrocarbons

Question 31

the chemical formula CH4 has 4 hydrogen atoms and forms a single covalent bond with carbon atom by sharing a pair of electrons, which results in a filled outermost shell is an example of

Answer 31

carbon atoms forming up to four covalent bonds with other atoms to satisfy the octet rule

Question 32

we often use these in our daily lives for fuels

Answer 32

hydrocarbons

Question 33

although most biological molecules contain atoms besides carbon and hydrogen, many of them have regions that resemble

Answer 33

hydrocarbons

Question 34

name the variations in carbon skeletons

Answer 34

length, branching, double bonds, and rings

Question 35

the many covalent bonds between the atoms in ________ store a great amount of energy, which is released when theses molecules are______

Answer 35

hydrocarbons, burned (oxidized)

Question 36

the simplest hydrocarbon molecule, with a central carbon atom bonded to four different hydrogen atoms

Answer 36

Methane an excellent fuel

Question 37

the backbone of the large molecules of living things and may exist in a linear carbon chains, carbon rings, or combination of them both

Answer 37

hydrocarbons

Question 38

``` H H I I H---- C----C----H I I H H ```

Answer 38

Example of a hydrocarbon length and ethane's structural formula

Question 39

C2H6

Answer 39

ethane molecular formula

Question 40

``` H H H I I I H--C--C--C--H I I I H H H ```

Answer 40

Example of a hydrocarbon length and the structural formula for propane

Question 41

``` H H \ / C======C / \ H H ```

Answer 41

Example of an hydrocarbon length and the structural formula for ethene (ethylene)

Question 42

C2H4

Answer 42

Molecular formula for ethene (ethylene)

Question 43

``` H H H H I I I I H--C--C--C--C--H I I I I H H H H ```

Answer 43

Example of hydrocarbons branching and the structural formula for Butane

Question 44

``` H I H----C----H I I H I H I I I H-----C---C-----C----H I I I H H H ```

Answer 44

Example of hydrocarbon branching and the structural formula for 2-methylpropane commonly called isobutane

Question 45

``` H H H H I I I I H==C---C---C---C---H I I H H ```

Answer 45

Example of hydrocarbons double bonds and the structural formula for 1-Butene

Question 46

``` H H H H I I I I H--C--C==C--C--H I I H H ```

Answer 46

Example of hydrocarbons double bonds and the structural formula for 2-BUTENE

Question 47

Are formed by successive bonds between carbon atoms and may be branched or unbranched

Answer 47

hydrocarbon chains

Question 48

when a carbon forms single bonds with other atoms, the shape is

Answer 48

tetrahedral

Question 49

when 2 carbon atoms for a double bond the shape is

Answer 49

planar or flat

Question 50

do single bonds rotate

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

do double bonds rotate

Answer 51

no the atoms are locked in place

Question 52

consist of linear chains of carbon atoms

Answer 52

aliphatic hydrocarbons

Question 53

consists of closed rings carbon atoms

Answer 53

aromatic hydrocarbons

Question 54

these structures are found in carbon double bonds, examples are benzene to include some amino acids and cholesterol and it derivative, hormones includes estrogen and testosterone

Answer 54

rings

Question 55

beta-carotene is an example of an

Answer 55

hydrocarbon

Question 56

cyclopentane, cyclohexane, benzeene, and pyridine ware examples of

Answer 56

carbon forming five and six membered rings