Exam 4 Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Boundaries of femoral triangle
A
Superior: inguinal ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: adductor longus
2
Q
Femoral triangle clinically important because:
A
- Hernias common
2. Arterial pressure point
3
Q
Contents of femoral triangle
A
Femoral nerve
Femoral sheath (femoral artery+ vein)
Inguinal lymph nodes
4
Q
Femoral sheath function
A
Allows femoral artery and vein to glide deep to inguinal ligament during movements of hip joint
5
Q
Femoral sheath compartments
A
- Lateral: femoral artery
- Intermediate: femoral vein
- Medial: femoral canal
6
Q
Femoral canal function
A
Allows femoral vein to expand when there is increased venous return from lower extremity
7
Q
Femoral canal is ___ in females
A
Wider
8
Q
Femoral ring
A
Opening in roof of femoral canal
9
Q
Femoral hernia
A
Protrusion of abdominal viscera through femoral ring into femoral canal
may become strangulated
10
Q
Main arterial supply of lower extremity
A
Femoral artery
11
Q
Femoral artery is a continuation of
A
External iliac artery
12
Q
Femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus to become
A
Popliteal artery
13
Q
Branches of femoral artery
A
- Superficial branches
- Femoral Profundus
- Lateral and Medial Circumflex
- Perforating arteries
- Descending genicular artery
14
Q
Superficial branches of femoral artery supply:
A
Proximal anterior thigh region
15
Q
Superficial branches of femoral artery…
A
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial epigastric
Superficial pudendal
16
Q
First major branch of femoral artery
A
Femoral profundus
17
Q
First branches off femoral profundus
A
Lateral and Medial circumflex arteries
18
Q
Lateral and medial circumflex arteries supply
A
Muscles on lateral and medial aspect of thigh
Main blood supply to neck and head of femur
19
Q
Perforating arteries supply
A
Muscles and skin on posterior aspect of thigh
20
Q
Descending genicular artery supplies
A
Knee and medial aspect of leg
21
Q
Femoral vein passes through adductor Magnus as a continuation of ___
A
Popliteal vein
22
Q
As the femoral vein leaves femoral triangle and enters pelvis it becomes __
A
External iliac vein
23
Q
Femoral vein receives tributaries from
A
Femoral profundus vein
Great saphenous vein
24
Q
Popliteal lymph nodes associated with
A
Popliteal vein in popliteal fossa
25
Adductor canal located in
Medial aspect of thigh
26
Adductor canal provides passageway for
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
27
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries are branches of
Internal iliac artery
28
Superior gluteal artery supplies
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius and minimus
Tensor Fascia Lata
29
Inferior gluteal artery supplies
Gluteus Maximus
Obturator Internus
Quadratus Femoris
Posterior thigh muscles
30
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
Lateral: biceps Femoris + lateral head of gastrocnemius
Medial: semimembranosus + semitendinosus + medial head of gastrocnemius
Roof: deep Fascia and skin
Floor: popliteal surface of femur, posterior extrinsic ligaments of knee joint + popliteus
31
Contents of popliteal fossa
```
Popliteal artery and vein
Lesser saphenous vein
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Popliteal lymph nodes
```
32
Deepest neuromuscular structure of popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery
33
Genicular branches of popliteal artery form ...
Genicular anastomosis at the back of the knee
34
Genicular anastomosis provides
Collateral circulation to leg during full flexion at knee joint
35
Popliteal artery terminates into
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
36
Popliteal aneurysm
Abnormal dilation of artery which causes swelling and pain in popliteal fossa
37
Arterial embolism could result in
Loss of blood to leg and foot
38
Articulating surfaces of hip joint
Head of femur
Acetabulum of pelvis
39
Acetabular labrum
Deepens cavity of acetabulum
40
Transverse acetabular ligament
Part of acetabular labrum that bridges acetabular notch
41
Hip joint classified as
Ball and socket
42
Capsular ligament of hip joint
Strong, loose ligament that permits free movement at joint
*cannot maintain integrity of joint alone*
43
Iliofemoral ligament reinforces capsular ligament ___ and ____
Anteriorly
| Inferiorly
44
Strongest ligament in body is
Iliofemoral ligament
45
Iliofemoral ligament attaches to ____ superiorly and ___ inferiorly
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Intertrochanteric line
46
When bending backward, ____ prevent body from falling backward
Anterior hip and abdominal muscles
47
When bending forward, ___ prevent body from falling forward
Gluteal, hamstring, and spinal muscles
48
Iliofemoral ligament is ___ and acts like ___
Extrinsic
| Rope
49
Nerve supply of iliofemoral ligament
Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic
50
Pubofemoral ligament attaches to ___ superiorly and ___ inferiorly
Superior ramus of pubis
| Intertrochanteric line
51
Pubofemoral ligament prevents __ at joint
Abduction
52
Pubofemoral ligament is __ and acts like ___
Extrinsic
| Rope
53
Ischiofemoral ligament runs from ___ superiorly and ___ inferiorly
Body of ischium
| Neck and greater trochanter of femur
54
Ischiofemoral ligament prevents ___ and __ at joint
Hyperextension
| Abduction
55
Ischiofemoral ligament is __ and acts like ___
Extrinsic
| Rope
56
Transverse acetabular ligament is ___ and converts acetabular notch into tunnel
Intrinsic
57
Capitis Femoris ligament is a weak ____
Intrinsic ligament
58
Developmental Dysplasia more common in
Females (8X more common)
59
Majority of infants with developmental dysphasia were in
Breech position
60
Majority of children with developmental dysphasia have
Ligamentous laxity- causes hip to become unstable and slip out of position
61
If not corrected, developmental dysphasia may lead to
Pain, abnormal gait, femoral anteversion, unequal leg length, osteoarthritis, contracture of hip muscle
62
Posterior dislocations of hip
More common
May compromise sciatic nerve
Femoral head ends on ilium
63
Anterior dislocation
May compromise Obturator nerve
Head of femur ends up in obturator Foramen
64
Largest and most superficial joint in body
Knee joint
65
Articulation of knee joint
Femur
Tibia
Patella
66
Articulating surfaces of tibial condyles
Lateral and medial tibial plateaus
67
Joint between femur and tibia is
Ginglymus (hinge)
68
Joints between patella and femur is
Plane gliding
69
Nerve supply of knee joint
Femoral
Obturator
Common fibular
Tibial nerve
70
Subcutaneous prepatellar Bursae
Lies between patella and skin
71
Subcutaneous infrapatellar Bursae
Lies between tibial tubercle and skin
72
Deep infrapatellar Bursae
Between ligamentum patella and tibial tubercle
73
Suprapatellar Bursae
Lies between femur and common tendon of insertion of quads
74
Ligamentum patella function
Help maintain alignment of patella relative to articular surface of femur
75
Ligamentum patella runs from
Apex to patella to tibial tubercle
76
Collateral ligaments of knee contribute to
Stability when standing
77
Lateral collateral ligament attached to ___ proximally and ___ distally
Lateral epicondyle of femur
| Head of fibula
78
Lateral collateral ligament function
Wall and prevents lateral movement of joint
79
Medial collateral ligament function
Wall and prevents medial movements at joint
80
Medial collateral ligament attaches to ___ proximally and ____ distally
Medial epicondyle of femur
Medial side of tibia, just below medial condyle
81
Oblique and arcuate popliteal ligaments both function to
Prevent hyperextension of knee joint (functions as wall)
Stabilize posterior aspect of joint
82
Main bonds between femur and tibia
Cruciate ligaments
83
Anterior cruciate ligament runs from ___ to ____
Lateral condyle of femur
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
84
ACL prevents
Anterior displacement of tibia under femur
Functions like rope
85
____ cruciate ligament is weaker
Anterior
86
Posterior cruciate ligament runs from __ to ___
Medial condyle of femur
Posterior intercondylar area of tibia
87
PCL prevents
Posterior displacement of tibia under femur
Functions like rope
88
Menisci have well developed blood supply from birth to
18 months of age
89
Central portions of adult meniscus are
Avascular
90
Main function of menisci
Deepen articulating surface
Shock absorber
Mechanoreceptor to increase positional sense of knee joint
91
Medial meniscus adheres to
Tibial collateral ligament
92
__ is C shaped
Medial meniscus
93
___ is less mobile on surface of tibia
Medial meniscus
94
___ is more freely movable on surface of tibia
Lateral meniscus
95
Lateral meniscus is ___ in shape
Circular
96
Lateral meniscus is __ than medial meniscus
Smaller
97
Coronary ligaments help hold ___ in place
Menisci
98
When fully extended, knee “locks” due to
Lateral rotation of tibia
99
To “unlock” the knee, the ___ must contract to rotate tibia ___
Popliteus
Medially
100
Prepatellar (housemaid’s) bursitis
Friction between skin and patella
Direct blow/ falling on flexed knee
101
Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis
Excessive friction between skin and tibial tubercle
Common in roofers, clergymen
102
Suprapatellar bursitis
Bacteria from abrasion or penetrating wound
May spread to knee joint cavity
103
Unhappy triad
Blow to lateral aspect of joint while in weight bearing position
Can cause damage to medial collateral, ACL, and medial meniscus
104
Most commonly injured ligament of knee joint
Medial collateral
105
If large parts of medial meniscus are removed, ___ can result
Osteoarthritis
106
___ meniscus is more vulnerable to injury
Medial
107
ACL damaged in sports with
Twisting or jumping
108
ACL damage symptoms
Hear “pop” and then feel like knee as “given out”
109
Positive anterior drawer test
Tibia can be pulled excessively forward under femur after ACL damage
110
Positive posterior drawer test
Tibia can be pulled excessively backward under femur due to damage to PCL
111
Function of tibia
Weight bearing
112
Tibia articulates with
Condyles of femur and head of fibula and with talus and distal end of fibula
113
___ ossification centers of tibia
4
(1 primary)
(3 secondary)
114
3 secondary ossification centers of tibia
Proximal end
Distal end
Tibial tuberosity
115
Ossification of tibia
1. Shaft
2. Proximal end
3. Distal end
4. Tibial tuberosity
5. Distal end fuses
6. Proximal end fuses
116
Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease
Disruption of epiphyseal plate of tibial tuberosity that occurs around puberty in active adolescents
117
Apophyses
Secondary ossification center that develops with growth
118
Osgood-schlatter’s disease is example of
Apophyseal injury
119
Function of fibula
Give attachment to muscles
120
__ ossification centers of fibula
3
| 1 primary- shaft
(2 secondary - distal and proximal ends)
121
Ossification of femur order
1. Shaft
2. Distal end
3. Proximal end
4. Proximal end fuses
5. Distal end fuses
122
Bumper fracture
Compound fractures of tibia due to direct trauma
123
Fractures of fibula may damage
Common fibular nerve
