Exam 4 - Book Notes

Question 1

_________-Study of humans, not animals

Answer 1

Humanistic

Question 2

_________-Human system is greater than sum of its parts

Answer 2

Holistic

Question 3

_________-Whole person from birth to death

Answer 3

Historic

Question 4

_________-Focus on interior, experiential, and existential aspects of personality

Answer 4

Phenomenological

Question 5

_________-Person in nature, society, and culture—not the experimental lab

Answer 5

Real life

Question 6

_________-Joy, fruitful activities, virtuous actions and attributes

Answer 6

Positivity

Question 7

_________-Choices, decisions, voluntary actions

Answer 7

Will

Question 8

_________-A philosophy of life that describes what is desirable

Answer 8

Value

Question 9

Your particular experience of the world is called your _________

Answer 9

construal

Question 10

Wundt-

research assistants tried to observe their own perceptions and thought processes _________

Answer 10

introspection

Question 11

existential anxiety, or _________

Answer 11

Angst

Question 12

-WHO-

_________ optimistic toughness

Answer 12

Sartre

Question 13

_________ entails being honest, insightful, and morally correct

Answer 13

authentic existence

Question 14

_________ , or “nonself

Answer 14

anatta

Question 15

_________ - the idea that the independent, singular self you sense inside your mind is merely an illusion

Answer 15

anatta

Question 16

Accord- ing to Maslow, human motivation is characterized by a _________

Answer 16

hierarchy of needs

Question 17

_________- , thought that a person’s individual experience of the world was the most important part of her psychology

Answer 17

George Kelly

Question 18

A corollary of personal construct theory, which Kelly called the _________

Answer 18

sociality corollary,

Question 19

Kelly-

_________ - understanding another person means understanding her personal construct system

Answer 19

sociality corollary,

Question 20

Salvatore Maddi was a _________

Answer 20

Humanistic psychologist

Question 21

happiness can be sought via two basic routes

_________ route -is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain

Answer 21

hedonia

Question 22

happiness can be sought via two basic routes

_________ route -entails seeking a deeper meaning to life by pursuing important goals, building relationships, and being aware of taking responsibility for one’s choices in lif

Answer 22

eudaimonia

Question 23

distinction between hedonia and eudaimonia is an important basis of Richard Ryan’s and Edward Deci’s _________

Answer 23

self-determination theory

Question 24

CORE VIRTUES IDENTIFIED BY POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY:

• Courage
• Justice
• _________
• Temperance
• Wisdom
• _________

Answer 24

• Humanity

- Transcendence

Question 25

_________ IDENTIFIED BY POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: - Courage - Justice - Humanity - Temperance - Wisdom - Transcendence

Answer 25

CORE VIRTUES

Question 26

CORE VIRTUES IDENTIFIED BY POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: _________ -Strengths that protect against excess; examples include forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-control.

Answer 26

Temperance

Question 27

_________ Humanism: Rogers and Maslow

Answer 27

Optimistic

Question 28

Personal Constructs: _________

Answer 28

Kelly

Question 29

Hardiness: _________

Answer 29

Maddi

Question 30

Maddi’s theory of _________ argues that people should embrace life’s challenges rather than seek to avoid all stress.

Answer 30

hardiness

Question 31

Maddi’s theory of hardiness argues that people should embrace life’s _________ rather than seek to avoid all _________ .

Answer 31

- challenges | - stress

Question 32

_________ Theory: Deci and Ryan

Answer 32

Self-Determination

Question 33

Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory asserts that happiness can be pursued through _________ means (seeking pleasure and comfort) or _________ means (seeking to fulfill one’s potential)

Answer 33

- hedonic | - eudaimonic

Question 34

_________-A child picks up the culture into which she is born

Answer 34

enculturation

Question 35

_________-a person who moves from one country to another may gradually pick up the culture of her new home

Answer 35

acculturation

Question 36

-COUNTRY- _________- Vertical Collectivism

Answer 36

China

Question 37

-COUNTRY- _________- Vertical Individualism

Answer 37

France

Question 38

-COUNTRY- _________- Horizontal Collectivism

Answer 38

Israel

Question 39

-COUNTRY- _________- Horizontal Individualism

Answer 39

Norway

Question 40

_________ - When one believes that the individual is more important than the group

Answer 40

ideocentrism

Question 41

_________ - When one believes that the group is more important than the individual

Answer 41

allocentrism

Question 42

Kelly’s unique contribution was to emphasize how one’s _________ (thinking) system assem- bles one’s various construals of the world into individually held theories called _________

Answer 42

- cognitive | - personal constructs

Question 43

_________ unique contribution was to emphasize how one’s cognitive (thinking) system assembles one’s various _________ of the world into individually held theories called personal constructs

Answer 43

- Kelly’s | - construals

Question 44

_________ societies assume that individual people are importantly different from each other

Answer 44

Vertical

Question 45

_________ societies tend to view all persons as essentially equal

Answer 45

horizontal

Question 46

_________ , a lifestyle that embraces rather than avoids potential sources of stress - Maddi

Answer 46

hardiness