Flashcards in Exam 5-Stimulants Deck (56):
1
What are the two main systems that are indicated for the use of stimulants?
CNS and respiratory systems...stimulants are primarily used as an antidote for depression in these systems..."ANALEPTIC"
2
Which class of stimulants are primarily used for asthma to reverse respiratory depression (bronchodilators)?
Xanthenes
3
Which class of stimulants are primarily for hyperkinetic children?
Centrally acting sympatho-mimetics (amphetamine)
4
Which class of stimulant is primarily used for diagnostic purposes?
convulsants
5
What are the three examples of Xanthenes? (thank the lord Jesus for these!)
aminophylline, theophylline, and caffeine
6
I love this shit- 12 oz can of Coke = ____ mg caffeine
50 mg
7
I love this shit- 1 cup coffee = ___ mg caffeine
85 mg
8
I love this shit- 1 cup tea = ___ mg caffeine + _______
50 mg caffeine + theophylline!
9
___-____ mg of caffeine or theophylline is needed to increase cortical activity (1 to 4 cups of coffee) (while the OTC pill forms have ____-____ mg of caffeine
50-200 mg...100-200 mg
10
Stimulant potency....Cerebral cortex = ___-___ mg (small dose produces effect = more potent)...Brain stem = >___ mg (greater dose required)...Spinal cord = _____ mg (highest dose required) = can lead to convulsions, SHAKINESS
50-200 mg....250 mg...1000 mg
11
Pharm effects of stimulants-Blood vessel _____...especially _____ and ______ blood vessels
dilation...coronary and peripheral
12
Pharm effects of stimulants- _____ receptor effect
beta-2
13
Caffeine ________ peripheral resistance and can therefore cause _____tension, but guess what _______ more potent than caffeine!! WHAA
decreases...hypotension... theophylline
14
HMMMMM while Caffeine dilates the peripheral and coronary vessels, it CONSTRICTS _______ blood vessels which is great for treating a _______!!
cerebral...headache!!!
15
Xanthenes also cause cardiac muscle stimulation via _____ receptors.. the overall effect is ______ cardiac output
beta 1...increased
16
Did you know? theophylline = inhibits _____ which increases perfusion
ADH
17
GOOD TO KNOW! Caffeine will cause arrhythmias in someone who is at risk for them, but does not produce them in a normal heart *
arrhythmias
18
Xanthene Pharm Effects- the Beta-2 effect. these drugs will _______ smooth muscle and will therefore broncho_______
relax...bronchoDilate
19
Xanthene Pharm Effects-Which xanthene is such a potent bronchodilator tha it is used to treat asthma?
Theophylline
20
Xanthene Pharm Effects- the ONLY instance where caffeine was more influential then theophylline is ______ contraction. This can lead to _____ in the neck.
skeletal muscle contraction..tension
21
Xanthene Pharm Effects- _______ by increasing GFR, inhibiting ADH and increasing perfusion to kidney
Diuresis
22
Xanthene Pharm Effects- _______ by increasing GFR, inhibiting ADH and increasing perfusion to kidney
Diuresis
23
The only two cases where caffeine is equal to or greater than in potency/efficacy of theophylline is _____ and _____.
CNS (equal), Skeletal Muscle (greater than)
24
The only two cases where caffeine is equal to or greater than in potency/efficacy of theophylline is _____ and _____.
CNS (equal), Skeletal Muscle (greater than)
25
Adverse reactions of Xanthenes-_____tenison and _____ forming.
hypotension and habit forming
26
Adverse reactions of Xanthenes-_____tenison and _____ forming.
hypotension and habit forming
27
Caffeine toxicity NOOOOO! ____ mg required to produce toxicity.
300 mg
28
INTERESTING! _____ or more cups of caffeine daily produces physical dependence (_____ mg /day > 6 cups of coffee = 510 mg)
5...600 mg
29
Caffeine- ______ syndrome begins within 24 hours of discontinuance and you can develop ______ to the effects. NOOOOOOO
withdrawl...tolerance
30
Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- what in the lungs? What in the CNS?
Asthma and wakefulness
31
Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- can help with some CNS depressant _______ as well as _____ when added with analgesics.
poisonings...migranes
32
Therapeutic uses of Xanthenes- Treatment of acute pulmonary _____ and apnea in preterm infants and lastly as a _______ by increasing kidney perfusion, inhibits ADH
edema...diuretic
33
CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Direct ______ or dopamine receptor agonists
alpha-1
34
CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: much like an antidepressant, they are _____ inhibitors, ______ inhibitors
MAOI, and SSRI
35
CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Presynaptic releasers of endogenous ________.
catecholamines
36
CNS Sympathomimetics!!-Amphetamines, mech of action: Presynaptic releasers of endogenous ________.
catecholamines
37
Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- they _______ fatigue! And increase wakefulness, mood, confidence, but they don't help you in exam performance :(
decrease
38
Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- reduces ______ sleep
REM
39
Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics-Produces psychic depression, ______
paranoia (yikes)
40
Effects of CNS Sympathomimetics- Cool! it _____ appetite, but ______ develops after only 1 week. Also stimulates your medullary _______ center...
depresses....tolerance...respiratory
41
What is the "only good" therapeutic indication for amphetamines? What is a VERY common second indication?
Narcolepsy..hyperkinetic (ADD, ADHD)
42
Amphetamines-of interest...Tolerance develops to anorexia and euphoria, but not _______, Giving amphetamines (alpha 2 agonists) _______ analgesic effects of some opiates (meperidine)
wakefulness...enhances
43
CHRONIC toxicity of CNS sympathomimetics can lead to ________.
paranoid schizophrenia
44
With the amphetamine-like Cocaine, ______ and ______ remain in the synapse, it crosses the BBB and then causes _______.
NE and dopamine....euphoria
45
With the amphetamine-like Cocaine, Chronic inhalation through nose causes perforation of nasal septum due to constant __________ from NE release
vasoconstriction
46
Drugs for ADHD, _________ (______)* = blocks reuptake of dopaminergic neurons, your going to want to avoid _______ while on this drug.
methyl-phen-id-ate (Ritalin)...vasoconstrictors
47
Which ADHD med blocks the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine, inhibits monamine oxidase, enhances sympathomimetic response of epinephrine/norepinephrine = avoid vasoconstrictor
dextro-amphetamine (Dexadrine)
48
Which ADHD drug is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor?
atom-ox-et-ine (Straterra)
49
______ is a cough and cold medication to relieve bronchial and nasal congestion!
ephedrine (Pretz-D)
50
What two diet pills (amphetamines) have been pulled from the market?
PPA and ephedra
51
WARNING-Use caution when administering ________ with vasoconstrictors to patients using these drugs (AMPHETAMINES)
local anesthetics
52
WARNING-Use caution when administering ________ with vasoconstrictors to patients using these drugs (AMPHETAMINES)
local anesthetics
53
WHAAAA!?!? What "other stimulant" is sold as parenteral drug to reverse general anesthesia or drug-induced respiratory depression? What else can it treat???
dox-a-pram (Dopram)...apnea in infants (stimulates respiratory centers)
54
Even though most cholinergic receptors in brain are muscarinic, low doses of _______ from smoke stimulates nicotinic receptors in brain stem and cortex
NICOTINE
55
Higher doses of NICOTINE cause ______, emesis and stimulation of respiratory center....STILL higher concentrations cause ________, which can be FATAL
tremor....convulsions
56