Exam One - Brainstem/Medulla Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the 3 primary vesicles?
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
What are the two primary flextures?
cervical
cephalic
Where is the cervical flexure?
Separates the spinal cord and the rhombencephalon
Where is the cephalic flexture?
in the mesencephalon
What are the 5 secondary vesicles?
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
What are the 2 secondary flexures?
Pontine
telencephalic
Where is the pontine flexure?
divides hindbrain into metencephalon and myelencephalon
Where is the telencephalic flexure?
divides prosencephalon into diencephalon and telencephalon
Describe how CSF moves through the ventricles
lateral ventricles -> interventricular foramen -> third ventricle -> cerebral aquaduct -> 4th ventricle -> central canal
Contents of the brainstem
White matter
Gray Matter
Major afferent and efferent fiber connections with the cerebellum
Reticular Formation (medial and lateral nuclear components)
White matter in the brainstem
1 - ascending sensory fibers that originate from SC neurons and DRG neurons
2 - descending motor fibers that originate from neurons of the telencephalon and diencephalon
3 - ascending and descending fibers that originate from brainstem neurons
Grey matter in the brainstem:
Sensory and motor nuclei of cranial nerves
In the Brainstem, there are major ___________ and ____________ fiber connections with the _____________
afferent, efferent, cerebellum
Reticular Formation (medial and lateral nuclear components) in the brainstem
- Ascending reticular activating system (RAS)
- Central pattern generators
- Pain modulation centers
- nuclear centers
Reticular formation central pattern generators
networks of neurons that generate stereotypes, rhythmic motor behaviors such as walking, running, swimming, breathing, chewing, certain eye movements, shivering, scratching
reticular formation pain modulation centers
periaqueductal gray of the midbrain
reticular formation nuclear centers
control/modulate visceral special senses and reflexes related to these senses: cardiac and respiratory centers
Important ventral structures
crus cerebri, basilar pons, pyramids
important external features of the ventral surface
crus cerebri, basilar pons, anterior median fissure, pyramid, olive, pyramidal decussation
Parts of _____ and __________ form the floor of the 4th ventricle
pons, medulla
Features on the dorsal surface of the brainstem and the rhomboid fossa
obex
sulcus limitans
obex
the most caudal point of the 4th ventricle, as it narrows and communicates with the central canal of the SC
What features separates the open and closed medulla?
sulcus limitans
sulcus limitans
important landmark for functional anatomy of brainstem nuclei, separates the cranial nerves’ motor and sensory nuclei, motor nuclei are more MEDIAL and sensory nuclei are LATERAL
